Today in History: Sakarya Pitched Battle Started

August 23 is the 235th (236th in leap years) day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 130.

Railways

• 23 August 1919 British Railways Directorate of the Ministry of Ottoman Affairs in the post sent to the British occupation of the line, during the war used by the Ottoman soldiers in the buildings and rooms in the neck of the railway demanded rent.
• 23 August 1928 Amasya-Zile line (83 km) is in operation. The contractor was Nuri Demirağ.
• 23 August 1991 was set up on the East Express side between Haydarpasa and Kars.

Events 

• 1305 – Scottish knight William Wallace is executed by King Edward I of England for treason.
• 1514 – Battle of Chaldiran: The Ottoman Army under the command of Yavuz Sultan Selim (Selim I) defeated Shah Ismail's Army.
• 1541 - French explorer Jacques Cartier arrives in Québec, Canada.
• 1799 - Napoleon leaves Egypt to seize power in France.
• 1839 - Hong Kong was ceded to the United Kingdom.
• 1866 – The Austro-Prussian War ends with the Treaty of Prague.
• 1914 – World War I: Japan declares war on Germany and bombards Qingdao (China).
• 1916 – World War I: The Bulgarian Army defeats the Serbian Army.
• 1921 – Sakarya Pitched Battle started.
• 1921 - Faisal I ascended the throne as the king of Iraq.
• 1923 - The Lausanne Peace Treaty was approved by the Turkish Grand National Assembly.
• 1927 - The death sentences of anarchists Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti are carried out by the electric chair.
• 1928 – Amasya-Zile railway (82 km.) was put into service.
• 1929 – 1929 Hebron attack: Arabs attack a Jewish settlement in British-administered Palestine; 133 Jews were killed.
• 1935 – The foundation of the Nazilli Press Factory was laid.
• 1939 – Foreign Ministers of the USSR and Germany sign the German-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact in Moscow.
• 1942 – II. World War II: The Battle of Stalingrad begins.
• 1944 – A US warplane crashes over a school in Freckleton, England: 61 people are killed.
• 1962 – The 78.000th person applied to go to Germany to work. It has been announced that the number of workers sent to Germany since October 1, 1961 has reached 7.565.
• 1971 – After Turkey, European countries and Australia, workers started to be sent to America. In the first group, 5 workers went to America.
• 1975 – Communist coup in Laos.
• 1979 – Soviet dancer Alexander Godunov defected to the USA.
• 1982 - Bashir Gemayel is elected prime minister of Lebanon.
• 1985 - Hans Tiedge, a top West German counter-spy, defected to East Germany.
• 1990 – West Germany and East Germany announce that they will unite on October 3rd.
• 1990 - Saddam Hussein demanded the evacuation of the embassies of Western countries in Kuwait.
• 1991 – Armenia declared its independence from the USSR.
• 1994 – National football player Tanju Çolak, who was caught in Skopje upon the application of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, after his prison sentence was approved and finalized by the Supreme Court, was brought to Turkey and imprisoned in Bayrampaşa Prison.
• 2000 – A Gulf Air Airbus A320 aircraft crashes into the Persian Gulf near Bahrain; 143 people died.
• 2000 – An earthquake with a magnitude of 5.8 occurred, the epicenter of which was Hendek-Akyazı. 60 people who jumped from buildings in Hendek and Akyazı and the surrounding provinces were injured and taken to the hospital.
• 2002 – Kemal Derviş officially became a member of the party with a ceremony held at CHP Headquarters.
• 2005 – Hurricane Katrina begins to form.
• 2005 – A passenger plane crashes in Pucallpa-Peru: 41 people are killed.
• 2010 – A passenger bus with 25 passengers was taken hostage in Manila, Philippines. As a result of the incident, the police officer who carried out the action and 8 hostages died.
• 2011 – Gaddafi regime in Libya ends.

Births 

• 686 – Charles Martel, statesman and military commander in the Kingdom of the Franks (Charlemagne's grandfather) (d. 741)
• 1741 – Jean-François de La Pérouse, French officer, sailor, and explorer (d. 1788)
• 1754 – XVI. Louis, King of France (d. 1793)
• 1769 – Georges Cuvier, French scientist and priest (d. 1832)
• 1811 – Auguste Bravais, French physicist (d. 1863)
• 1829 – Moritz Benedikt Cantor, German historian of mathematics (d. 1920)
• 1846 – Alexander Milne Calder, American sculptor (d. 1923)
• 1851 – Alois Jirásek, Czech writer (d. 1930)
• 1864 – Eleftherios Venizelos, Greek politician and Prime Minister of Greece (d.1936)
• 1879 – Yevgeniya Blank, Bolshevik activist and politician (d. 1925)
• 1880 – Aleksandr Grin, Russian writer (d. 1932) (d. 1991)
• 1900 – Ernst Krenek, Czech-Austrian composer (d. 1991)
• 1908 – Arthur Adamov, Russian-French writer (d. 1970)
• 1910 – Giuseppe Meazza, Italian football player (d. 1979)
• 1912 Gene Kelly, American actor (d. 1996)
• 1914 – Bülent Tarcan, Turkish composer and medical doctor (d. 1991)
• 1921 – Kenneth Arrow, American economist (d. 2017)
• 1923 – Nazik El Melaike, Iraqi poetess (d. 2007)
• 1924 – Ephraim Kishon, Israeli writer (d. 2005)
• 1924 – Robert Solow, American economist and Nobel Prize laureate in Economics
• 1925 – Robert Mulligan, American screenwriter and filmmaker (d. 2008)
• 1927 – Dick Bruna, Dutch writer, animator and graphic artist (d. 2017)
• 1928 – Marian Seldes, American actress (d. 2014)
• 1929 – Zoltán Czibor, Hungarian football player (d. 1997)
• 1929 - Vera Miles is an American actress.
• 1930 – Michel Rocard, French politician and Prime Minister of France (d. 2016)
• 1931 - Barbara Eden is an American actress.
• 1931 - Hamilton O. Smith, American microbiologist and Nobel Prize-winning scientist
• 1932 – Huari Boumedien, Algerian soldier and 2nd President of Algeria (d. 1978)
• 1933 – Robert Floyd Curl, Jr., American chemist
• 1949 - Shelley Long, American actress
• 1949 – Rick Springfield, Australian singer
• 1950 – Luigi Delneri, Italian football player and manager
• 1951 – Jimi Jamison, American rock singer and composer (d. 2014)
• 1951 – Ahmet Kadyrov, first president of the Chechen Republic of Russia (d. 2004)
• 1951 – Nur al-Hussein, American-Jordanian philanthropist and activist
• 1952 – Vicky Leandros, Greek singer and politician
• 1952 - Santillana is a former Spanish international football player.
• 1961 – Alexandre Desplat, French soundtrack composer
• 1961 – Mohammed Bakir Ghalibaf, Former Tehran Metropolitan Mayor, Former Iranian Police Service Chief, Former Iranian Revolutionary Guards HK Commander
• 1963 – Park Chan-wook, South Korean director
• 1965 – Roger Avary, Canadian director, producer, and Oscar-winning screenwriter
• 1970 – Jay Mohr, American comedian and actor
• 1970 – River Phoenix, American actor (d. 1993)
• 1971 - Demetrio Albertini, Italian football player
• 1974 – Konstantin Novoselov, Russian-British physicist
• 1974 – Raymond Park, British actor, stuntman and martial artist
• 1975 – Bünyamin Sudaş, Turkish weightlifter
• 1978 – Kobe Bryant, American basketball player (d. 2020)
• 1978 – Julian Casablancas, American musician, singer and songwriter
• 1978 - Andrew Rannells is an American film, stage, television and voice actor.
• 1979 – Güçlü Soydemir, Turkish singer
• 1980 – Gözde Kansu, Turkish actress
• 1983 – Marianne Steinbrecher, Brazilian volleyball player
• 1985 – Onur Bilgin, Turkish football player
• 1989 – Lianne La Havas, English singer-songwriter
• 1994 – August Ames, Canadian porn star (d. 2017)
• 1994 – Emre Kilinc, Turkish football player
• 1994 – Jusuf Nurkić, Bosnian professional basketball player
• 1997 – Lil Yachty, American rapper, singer and songwriter

Deaths 

• 30 BC – Caesarion, the last King of the Ptolemaic dynasty who ascended the throne of Ancient Egypt at a young age (47 BC)
• 406 – Radagais, He is one of the barbarian leaders who tried to invade Rome.
• 634 – Abu Bakr, first Islamic Caliph (b. 573)
• 1176 – Rokujō, 79th emperor of Japan in the traditional succession order (b. 1164)
• 1305 – William Wallace, Scottish knight (b. 1270)
• 1540 – Guillaume Budé, French humanist (b. 1467)
• 1574 – Ebussuud Efendi, Ottoman cleric and statesman (d. 1490)
• 1806 – Charles-Augustin de Coulomb, French physicist (b. 1736)
• 1892 – Manuel Deodoro da Fonseca, Brazilian general and first President of the Brazilian Republic (b. 1827)
• 1900 – Kuroda Kiyotoka, Japanese politician (b. 1840)
• 1926 – Rudolph Valentino, Italian actor (b. 1895)
• 1927 – Bartolomeo Vanzetti, Italian immigrant American anarchist (executed) (b. 1888)
• 1927 – Nicola Sacco, Italian immigrant American anarchist (executed) (b. 1891)
• 1930 – Rudolf John Gorsleben, German Ariosophist, Armanist (prayer of Armanen runes), magazine editor, and playwright (b. 1883)
• 1937 – Albert Roussel, French composer (b. 1869)
• 1944 – Abdülmecid, the last Ottoman Caliph, painter and musician (b. 1868)
• 1960 – Bruno Loerzer, German Luftstreitkräfte officer (b. 1891)
• 1962 – Joseph Berchtold, co-founder of the German Sturmabteilung and Schutzstaffel (b. 1897)
• 1962 – Hoot Gibson, American film actor (b. 1892)
• 1966 – Francis X. Bushman, American actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1883)
• 1972 – Arkadi Vasilyev, Soviet writer (b. 1907)
• 1975 – Faruk Gürler, Turkish soldier and 15th Chief of General Staff of the Turkish Armed Forces (b. 1913)
• 1977 – Naum Gabo, Russian sculptor (b. 1890)
• 1982 – Stanford Moore, American biochemist and Nobel Prize laureate in Chemistry (b. 1913)
• 1989 – Afif Yesari, Turkish journalist and writer (b. 1922)
• 1989 – RD Laing, Scottish psychiatrist (b. 1927)
• 1994 – Zoltán Fábri, Hungarian film director and screenwriter (b. 1917)
• 1995 – Alfred Eisenstaedt, German-American photographer (b. 1898)
• 1995 – Sylvester Stadler, German general (b. 1910)
• 1997 – Eric Gairy, Grenadian politician (b. 1922)
• 1997 – John Kendrew, English biologist and Nobel Prize laureate in Chemistry (b. 1917)
• 1998 – Ahmet Hamdi Boyacıoğlu, Turkish lawyer (b.1920)
• 2001 – Peter Maas, American novelist and journalist (b. 1929)
• 2002 – Sami Hazinses, Armenian-Turkish film actor (b. 1925)
• 2006 – Ed Warren, American demonologist and author (b. 1926)
• 2009 – Yücel Çakmaklı, Turkish director (b. 1937)
• 2012 – Jerry L. Nelson, American comedian, actor, and puppeteer (b. 1934)
• 2014 – Albert Ebossé Bodjongo, Cameroonian football player (b. 1989)
• 2014 – Dursun Ali Eğribaş, Turkish wrestler (b. 1933)
• 2014 – Marcel Rigout, French communist politician, former minister (b. 1928)
• 2016 – Steven Hill, American actor (b. 1922)
• 2016 – İsrafil Köse, Turkish TV series and film actress (b. 1970)
• 2016 – Reinhard Selten, Nobel Prize-winning German economist (b. 1930)
• 2017 – Viola Harris, American actress (b. 1926)
• 2017 – Engelbert Jarek, former Polish national football player (b. 1935)
• 2017 – Joe Klein, American professional baseball manager (b. 1942)
• 2018 – Arcabas, French painter and sculptor (b. 1926)
• 2018 – Toron Karacaoğlu, Turkish director, theater, cinema and TV series actor (b. 1930)
• 2018 – Kuldip Nayar, Indian journalist, human rights activist, politician and author (b. 1923)
• 2019 – Carlo Delle Piane, Italian actor and comedian (b. 1936)
• 2020 – Benny Chan, Hong Kong film director, producer and screenwriter (b. 1961)
• 2020 – Maria Janion, Polish academic, critic, literary theorist (b. 1926)
• 2020 – Peter King, English jazz saxophonist, composer and clarinettist (b. 1940)
• 2020 – Lori Nelson, American actress and model (b. 1933)
• 2020 – Valentina Prudskova, Russian fencer (b. 1938)

Holidays and special occasions 

• International Day of Remembrance of the Prohibition of the Slave Trade