Today in History: The First Battle of Anafartalar Has Begun

August 9 is the 221th (222th in leap years) day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 144.

Railways

• 9 August 1909 Holiday-Equality Law was published. (Strike Law)

Events

• 378 – Battle of Hadrianapolis: Eastern Roman Emperor Valens is defeated by the Visigoths; Except for the fortified Constantinople (Istanbul) and Andrinopolis (Edirne), all of Thrace was sacked.
• 1173 – The construction of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, which will take two centuries, has begun.
• 1554 – The Battle of Hormuz took place between the Ottomans and Portugal.
• 1578 – The Battle of Çıldır took place between the Ottoman Empire and the Safavid forces.
• 1805 – The Austrian Empire, the United Kingdom, Sweden, the Russian Empire, and the Kingdom of Naples form an alliance against Napoleon.
• 1814 - Treaty of Fort Jackson signed near Wetumpka.
• 1842 - The Canada-US border was determined by the Webster-Ashburton Treaty.
• 1892 - Thomas Edison patents the two-way telegraph.
• 1902 – VII. Edward was crowned King of the United Kingdom.
• 1912 – 7,3 M in Mürefte town of Tekirdağ province_S magnitude earthquake occurred.
• 1915 – First Battle of Anafartalar begins.
• 1928 – The Alphabet Revolution, in which the Latin alphabet was adopted instead of the Arabic alphabet in Turkey: Atatürk introduced the letters to the attendees of the Republican People's Party's gala in Gülhane. In the following period, the new alphabet was legally accepted and started to be popularized.
• 1936 – 1936 Summer Olympics: Jesse Owens wins his fourth gold medal.
• 1942 – Dmitry Shostakovich Leningrad Symphonywas first performed in the German besieged Leningrad.
• 1942 - Mahatma Gandhi is arrested by British troops in Bombay.
• 1945 – The United States drops an atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Nagasaki: about 70.000 people die instantly.
• 1949 – Turkey became a member of the Council of Europe.
• 1951 – The Paid Weekend Law came into effect. It was decided that the workers should receive half a wage from the places where they work on public holidays and weekends.
• 1954 – An alliance agreement was signed in Bled, a continuation of the Balkan Pact signed on February 28, 1953, between Turkey, Greece and Yugoslavia.
• 1965 – Singapore gained its independence from Malaysia.
• 1969 – Members of a cult group led by Charles Manson murder Roman Polanski's pregnant wife, Sharon Tate, Abigail Folger, Polish actress Wojciech Frykowski, men's hairdresser Jay Sebring, and Steven Parent, a high school graduate, in Los Angeles.
• 1973 – With the circular of the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey, the purchase of dollars was restricted and it was announced that banks would not exchange more than 200 dollars in Istanbul.
• 1974 – As a result of the Watergate scandal, Vice President Gerald Ford becomes President of the United States, replacing Richard Nixon who resigned.
• 1992 – The 25th Olympic Games held in Barcelona came to an end.
• 1994 – Aydın Doğan bought the Hürriyet group.
• 1996 - Boris Yeltsin was sworn in and began his second term as President of the Russian Federation.
• 1999 – Russian President Boris Yeltsin dismisses Prime Minister Sergei Stepashin.
• 2007 – Köksal Toptan was elected as the Speaker of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, receiving 535 of the 450 valid votes.

Births 

• 1631 – John Dryden, English writer (d. 1700)
• 1776 – Amedeo Avogadro, Italian chemist and scientist (d. 1856)
• 1819 – William Thomas Green Morton, American physician (d. 1868)
• 1843 – Adolf Mayer, German agricultural chemist (d. 1942)
• 1864 – Roman Dmowski, Polish statesman (d. 1939)
• 1869 – Willi Bang-Kaup, German Turcologist (d. 1934)
• 1871 – Leonid Andreyev, Russian expressionist writer (d. 1919)
• 1878 – Paul Renner, German graphic designer and instructor (d. 1956)
• 1881 – Ebül'ula Mardin, Turkish lawyer, academic and politician (d. 1957)
• 1887 – Hans Oster, German soldier and Wehrmacht general in Nazi Germany (d. 1945)
• 1896 – Jean Piaget, Swiss psychologist (d. 1980)
• 1900 – Boris Bajanov, Soviet politician, secretary of the Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, and secretary to Josef Stalin from 1923 to 1925 (d. 1982)
• 1901 – Felix Hurdes, Austrian lawyer and politician (d. 1974)
• 1906 – Robert Surtees, American cinematographer (d. 1985)
• 1911 – William Alfred Fowler, American astrophysicist and Nobel Prize laureate in Physics (d. 1995)
• 1914 – Joe Mercer, English football player and manager (d. 1990)
• 1914 – Tove Jansson, Finnish writer, painter and cartoonist (d. 2001)
• 1918 – Robert Aldrich, American film director (d. 1983)
• 1919 – Joop den Uyl, Dutch politician and Prime Minister (d. 1987)
• 1920 – Willi Heinrich, German writer (d. 2005)
• 1922 – Philip Larkin, English poet and author (d. 1985)
• 1922 – Taro Kagawa, Japanese football player (d. 1990)
• 1924 – Marta Becket, American dancer, choreographer, and painter (d. 2017)
• 1927 – Marvin Minsky, American scientist (d. 2016)
• 1927 – Robert Shaw, English actor and writer (d. 1978)
• 1928 – Bob Cousy, American basketball player and NBA player
• 1929 – Abdi İpekçi, Turkish writer and journalist (d. 1979)
• 1929 – Jean Le Garrec, French politician
• 1930 – Jacques Parizeau, Canadian economist and politician (d. 2015)
• 1930 – Süreyya Duru, Turkish film director and producer (d. 1988)
• 1931 – Mário Zagallo, Brazilian football player and manager
• 1931 – Nigel Sims, English football player (d. 2018)
• 1935 – Željko Matus, Yugoslav football player
• 1937 – Furuzan, Iranian actor (d. 2016)
• 1938 – Otto Rehhagel, German football player and manager
• 1938 – Rod Laver, Australian tennis player
• 1939 – Bulle Ogier, French actress
• 1939 – Romano Prodi, Italian politician and Prime Minister of Italy
• 1941 – Yener Ünlüer, Turkish bureaucrat
• 1942 – Erman Şener, Turkish film critic, journalist, screenwriter and book writer (d. 2002)
• 1943 Ken Norton, American boxer (d. 2013)
• 1944 – Andrzej Przybielski, Polish musician (d. 2011)
• 1944 – George Armstrong, English football player (d. 2000)
• 1944 – Nevra Serezli, Turkish actress and voice actor
• 1944 – Sam Elliott, American actor
• 1946 – Issa Hayatou, Cameroonian athlete, professional basketball player and sports manager
• 1947 – Roy Hodgson, English football player and manager
• 1951 – Memet Baydur, Turkish playwright (d. 2001)
• 1952 – Rui Jordão, Portuguese football player (d. 2019)
• 1953 – Jean Tirole, French professor of economics
• 1953 – Mustafa Öztürk, Turkish politician
• 1954 – Olga Knyazeva, Russian fencer (d. 2015)
• 1954 – Pierre Mongin, French bureaucrat
• 1957 – Melanie Griffith, American actress
• 1958 – Muazzez Ersoy, Turkish voice artist
• 1958 – Per Herrey, Swedish musician
• 1960 – Gian Nicola Berti, Italian politician
• 1960 – Yasushi Yoshida, Japanese football player
• 1961 – John Key, New Zealand politician
• 1961 – Nur Bekri, Chinese politician
• 1963 – Alain Menu, Swiss racer
• 1963 – Jay Leggett, American comedian and actor (d. 2013)
• 1963 – Whitney Houston, American singer (d. 2012)
• 1964 – Dumitru Stângaciu, Romanian football player and manager
• 1968 – Eric Bana, Australian actor
• 1968 – Gillian Anderson, American actress
• 1968 - Nariyasu Yasuhara, Japanese football player
• 1970 – Serhiy Bezhenar, Ukrainian football player
• 1970 – William L. Calhoun Jr., American musician
• 1971 - Junji Goto, Japanese football player
• 1973 – Filippo Inzaghi, Italian football player
• 1973 Hideki Tsukamoto, Japanese football player
• 1973 - Kevin McKidd, Scottish actor
• 1973 – Oleksandr Ponomaryov, Ukrainian singer
• 1974 - Derek Fisher, American basketball player
• 1975 – Rodrigo Mendes, Brazilian football player
• 1976 – Audrey Tautou, French actress
• 1976 Jessica Capshaw, American actress
• 1976 – Oylum Talu, Turkish TV personality and presenter
• 1977 – Ravshan Irmatov, Uzbek football referee
• 1977 – Ryo Sakai, Japanese football player
• 1978 – Senan Kara, Turkish actor
• 1978 – Vanco Trajanov, Macedonian football player
• 1978 – Wesley Sonck, Belgian football player
• 1981 – Azar Karadas, Norwegian football player
• 1981 – Roland Linz, Austrian football player
• 1982 – Jes Macallan, American actor
• 1982 – Joel Anthony, American basketball player
• 1982 – Kate Siegel, American actress and screenwriter
• 1982 - Takuto Hayashi, Japanese football player
• 1982 – Tülin Altıntaş, Turkish volleyball player
• 1982 – Tyson Gay, American athlete
• 1983 – Ashley Johnson, American actress and voice actor
• 1984 – Gaizka Toquero, Spanish football player
• 1984 – Pierre Perrier, French actor
• 1984 – Yushi Ito, Japanese football player
• 1985 – Anna Kendrick, American film and stage actress
• 1985 – Filipe Luís, Brazilian football player
• 1985 – Hideki Okochi, Japanese football player
• 1986 – Alejandro Faurlín, Argentine football player
• 1986 – José Manuel Casado, Spanish football player
• 1986 – Taner Ölmez, Turkish actor
• 1987 – Alper Balaban, Turkish football player (d. 2010)
• 1987 – Ferhat Çulcuoğlu, Turkish football player
• 1988 - Willian Borges da Silva, Brazilian football player
• 1989 – Guido Marilungo, Italian football player
• 1989 – Hansell Arauz, Costa Rican football player
• 1989 - Stefano Okaka, Italian football player
• 1989 – Yorgo Sarris, Greek football player
• 1990 – Adelaide Kane, Australian actress
• 1990 – Ahmed Sufyan, Qatari football player
• 1990 – Bill Skarsgård, Swedish actor
• 1990 – Caio Canedo Corrêa, Brazilian football player
• 1990 – İshak Doğan, Turkish football player
• 1990 – Sebastián Ubilla, Chilean football player
• 1991 – Alexa Bliss, American professional wrestler
• 1991 – Furkan Aldemir, Turkish basketball player
• 1992 – Burkely Duffield, Canadian actor
• 1993 – Ali Yasin, Iraqi football player
• 1993 – Kenneth Houdret, Belgian football player
• 1993 – Rydel Lynch, American singer and dancer
• 1994 – Alexander Djiku, French football player
• 1994 – Jonathan Espericueta, Mexican football player

Deaths 

• 378 – Valens, Roman emperor (b. 328)
• 803 – Irene (Irene of Athens), Byzantine Empress (b. 752)
• 833 – Mamun, Abbasid Caliph (b. 786)
• 1107 – Horikawa, 73rd emperor of Japan in traditional succession (b. 1079)
• 1173 – Necmeddin Eyyub, Ayyubid Ruler (b. ?)
• 1516 – Hieronymus Bosch, Dutch painter (b. 1450)
• 1523 – Ulrich von Hutten, German philosopher and poet (b. 1488)
• 1647 – Zygmunt Kazimierz, Polish Prince (b. 1640)
• 1857 – Carl Czerny, Austrian pianist, composer, and music teacher (b. 1791)
• 1890 – Viktor Janka von Bulcs, Hungarian botanist (b. 1837)
• 1899 – Edward Frankland, English chemist and academic (b. 1825)
• 1910 – Huo Yuanjia was a Chinese martial artist (b. 1868)
• 1919 – Ernst Haeckel, German zoologist (proponent of the theory of evolution and founder of new theories of evolution) (b. 1834)
• 1919 – Ruggero Leoncavallo, Italian composer (Pagliacci opera) (b. 1857)
• 1927 – King Sisowath, King of Cambodia (b. 1840)
• 1938 – Leo Frobenius, German ethnologist (b. 1873)
• 1942 – Edith Stein, German philosopher and nun (b. 1891)
• 1943 – Chaim Soutine, Russian expressionist painter (b. 1893)
• 1947 – Reginald Innes Pocock, British zoologist (b. 1863)
• 1949 – Edward Thorndike, American psychologist (b. 1874)
• 1954 – Mehmet Münir Çağıl, Turkish politician and lawyer (b. 1870)
• 1957 – Carl Clauberg, German medical doctor (who used people as guinea pigs in concentration camps in Nazi Germany) (b. 1898)
• 1962 – Hermann Hesse, German writer and Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1877)
• 1966 – Giorgi Leonidze, Georgian poet and writer (b. 1899)
• 1967 – Joe Orton, English playwright, author, and diarist (b. 1933)
• 1969 – Cecil Frank Powell, English physicist and Nobel Prize laureate in Physics (b. 1903)
• 1969 – Sharon Tate, American actress (murder) (b. 1943)
• 1971 – Mehmet Aslan, Turkish politician (b. 1928)
• 1972 – Muammer Çavuşoğlu, Turkish politician (b. 1903)
• 1972 – Sıddık Sami Onar, Turkish law professor (b. 1897)
• 1973 – Georges Duthuit, French art critic and writer (b. 1891)
• 1973 – Christian Arhoff, Danish stage and film actor (b. 1893)
• 1974 – Aliye Berger, Turkish engraver and painter (b. 1903)
• 1975 – Dmitri Shostakovich, Russian composer (b. 1906)
• 1978 – James Gould Cozzens, American author (b. 1903)
• 1986 – Mehmet Özdemir, Turkish politician (b. 1913)
• 1990 – Joe Mercer, English football player and manager (b. 1914)
• 1992 – Aytekin Kotil, Turkish politician and Mayor of Istanbul (b. 1934)
• 1994 – Aykut Sporel, Turkish radio programmer and one of the first disc jockeys of Turkish radios (b. 1935)
• 1995 – Jerry Garcia, American musician (Grateful Dead) (b. 1942)
• 1996 – Frank Whittle, British army engineer and inventor of the jet engine (b. 1907)
• 2000 – John Harsanyi, American economist (b. 1920)
• 2003 – Ray Harford, English football player and manager (b. 1945)
• 2003 – Gregory Hines, American actor and dancer (b. 1946)
• 2003 – Jacques Deray, French film director (b. 1929)
• 2004 – Robert Lecourt, French politician and lawyer (b. 1908)
• 2005 – Colette Besson, French athlete (b. 1946)
• 2005 – Coşkun Ertepınar, Turkish poet and educator (b. 1914)
• 2005 – Marco Cavagna, Italian astronomer (b. 1958)
• 2005 – Matthew McGrory, American actor (b. 1973)
• 2006 – James Van Allen, American scientist (b. 1914)
• 2007 – Ulrich Plenzdorf, German writer (b. 1934)
• 2008 – Ahmet Sezgin, Turkish singer (b. 1936)
• 2008 – Bernie Mac, American actor (b. 1957)
• 2008 – Mahmut Dervish, Palestinian poet (b. 1942)
• 2011 – Roberto Busa, Italian Jesuit, theologian and linguist (b. 1913)
• 2012 – Erol Togay, Turkish football player (b. 1950)
• 2013 – Haji, Canadian actress and dancer (b. 1946)
• 2014 – Andrey Bal, Ukrainian football player and coach (b. 1958)
• 2014 – Michael Brown, American teenager (b. 1996)
• 2014 – JE Freeman, American actor (b. 1946)
• 2014 – Charles Keating, English actor (b. 1941)
• 2014 – Ed Nelson, American actor (b. 1928)
• 2015 – Frank Gifford, Former American Football player and television host (b. 1930)
• 2015 – John Henry Holland, United States scientist (b. 1929)
• 2015 – Fikret Otyam, Turkish painter, journalist and writer (b. 1926)
• 2015 – Mustafa Kayabek, Turkish poet and writer (b. 1931)
• 2016 – Barry Jenner, American actor (b. 1941)
• 2017 – Beethoven Javier, Uruguayan international football player and manager (b. 1947)
• 2017 – Johno Johnson, Australian politician (b. 1930)
• 2017 – Malle Leis is an Estonian painter and graphic artist (b. 1940)
• 2017 – Marián Varga, Slovak musician, composer and organist (b. 1947)
• 2017 – Peter Weibel, German racing cyclist (b. 1950)
• 2018 – Tamara Degtyaryova, Soviet-Russian female stage, film and TV actress (b. 1944)
• 2018 – Mehrdad Pahlbod, Former Iranian politician and minister (b. 1917)
• 2019 – Fahrudin Jusufi, former Yugoslav national football player (b. 1939)
• 2020 – Alauddin Ali, Bangladeshi soundtrack composer and artistic director (b. 1952)
• 2020 – Fips Asmussen, German comedian and actor (b. 1938)
• 2020 – Martin Birch, British music producer and sound engineer (b. 1948)
• 2020 – Anna Maria Bottini, Italian actress (b. 1916)
• 2020 – Kamala, American professional wrestler (b. 1950)
• 2020 – Emre Gonluşen, Turkish sports announcer (b. 1978)
• 2020 – Kemal Özçelik, Turkish rider (b. 1922)
• 2020 – Franca Valeri, Italian actress (b. 1920)