Today in History: Turkey Seizes All American Bases Except Incirlik

July 25 is the 206nd (207rd in leap years) day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. There are 159 days left until the end of the year.

Railways

• 25 July – 2 August 1925 Süleyman Sırrı Bey's first Railway Congress convened in Ankara during Nafia Acting.

Events 

• 1543 – Siege of Esztergom: Estergon, which was held by the Archduchy of Austria, was besieged by the Ottoman Empire, and after about two weeks of siege, the city came under Ottoman rule.
• 1795 – The wooden dome of the Galata Tower burned down.
• 1814 – The locomotive built by George Stephenson worked.
• 1909 - Louis Blériot crossed the English Channel for the first time in his plane.
• 1920 – Greece occupied all Eastern Thrace, especially Edirne.
• 1923 – İzmirspor was founded by the notables of Eşrefpaşa.
• 1931 – Press Law, the first press law of the Republican era, was passed.
• 1933 – Leon Trotsky went to France as an asylum seeker.
• 1934 - Austrian Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss was assassinated in Vienna by the Nazis in his country.
• 1936 – Adolf Hitler recognizes the Kingdom of Italy's annexation of Abyssinia.
• 1943 – Fascism is outlawed in Italy after Benito Mussolini is overthrown.
• 1950 - The Council of Ministers decided to send a 4500-man military unit to Korea.
• 1951 – Atatürk Law was accepted in the Turkish Grand National Assembly. The aim is to protect Atatürk's revolutions and to prevent attacks on Atatürk statues and monuments.
• 1951 – Turkish poet Nâzım Hikmet was decided to be deprived of his Turkish citizenship by the Council of Ministers.
• 1957 – Military plane crashed in Bursa; 15 dead, 19 injured.
• 1958 – The Soviet Union gave a note to Turkey: “Turkey's entry into Iraq will have bad consequences.”
• 1959 – Turkey asked Iraq for guarantees for Kirkuk Turkmen.
• 1967 - The Constitutional Court ruled that socialism was not unconstitutional.
• 1968 – In Istanbul, the Police intervened in the students; 30 students and 20 police officers were injured.
• 1973 – President of the Union of Turkish Bar Associations Professor Faruk Erem resigned from his teaching position on the grounds that university autonomy was usurped.
• 1975 - Turkey seized all American bases except Incirlik.
• 1978 - The world's first "test tube baby" Louise Brown was born.
• 1981 – Kenan Budak, Chairman of DİSK Progressive Deri-İş Union, was shot dead by the police in Yedikule, Istanbul.
• 1984 - Salyut 7 cosmonaut Svetlana Savitskaya became the first woman to walk in space.
• 1992 – It was announced that the leader of the Kurdistan Democratic Party Mesut Barzani and the leader of the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan Celal Talabani were given diplomatic Turkish passports.
• 1992 – Two units of Atatürk Dam were opened in Turkey.
• 1994 - King Hussein of Jordan and Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin sign the declaration ending the state of war.
• 2000 – Concorde plane crashes shortly after takeoff from Paris; There were no survivors of the 100 passengers and 9 crew members.
• 2009 – Parliament and Regional Presidency elections were held in the Iraqi Kurdistan Region.

Births 

• 1831 – Cheoljong, 25th king of the Joseon Kingdom (d. 1864)
• 1848 – Arthur Balfour, 33rd Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1930)
• 1857 – Koca Yusuf, legendary Turkish wrestler from Deliorman (d. 1898)
• 1894 – Gavrilo Princip, Serbian assassin (d. 1918)
• 1894 Walter Brennan, American actor (d. 1974)
• 1902 – Eric Hoffer, American author (d. 1983)
• 1905 – Elias Canetti, Bulgarian modernist novelist, playwright, and Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1994)
• 1910 – Adalet Cimcoz, Turkish voice actor, translator, critic and writer (d. 1970)
• 1917 – Osman Yüksel Serdengeçti, Turkish politician and journalist (d. 1983)
• 1920 – Rosalind Franklin, English scientist (d. 1958)
• 1922 – John B. Goodenough, American materials scientist and Nobel Prize laureate in Chemistry
• 1923 – Estelle Getty, American actress and actress (d. 2008)
• 1926 – Cüneyd Orhon, Turkish kemençe artist (d. 2006)
• 1929 – Manuel Olivencia, Spanish lawyer and academic (d. 2018)
• 1935 – Adnan Khashoggi, Saudi businessman (d. 2017)
• 1936 – Glenn Marcus Murcutt, Australian architect
• 1955 – Iman, Somali model, actress, and entrepreneur
• 1955 – Orhan Doğan, Turkish lawyer and politician of Kurdish origin (d. 2007)
• 1956 – Frances Arnold, American chemical engineer
• 1958 – Thurston Moore, American singer-songwriter, musician, and artist
• 1963 – Timothy Peach, German-English actor
• 1964 – Sharif Sheikh Ahmed, Somali politician
• 1964 – Zeki Demirkubuz, Turkish film director, screenwriter, producer and actor
• 1966 – Lynda Lemay is a Canadian-French female singer, songwriter, and musician.
• 1967 – Matt LeBlanc, American actor
• 1972 – Pınar Dilşeker, Turkish singer
• 1973 – Dani Filth, English singer
• 1973 – Deniz Çelik, Turkish pop music artist, songwriter and composer
• 1973 - Kevin Phillips is an English former international footballer.
• 1973 – Michael C. Williams is an American actor.
• 1976 – Tera Patrick, American porn star
• 1977 – Carolina Albuquerque, Brazilian volleyball player
• 1979 - Allister Carter is an English professional snooker player.
• 1980 – Cha Du-Ri is a South Korean national football player.
• 1980 – Antonella Serra Zanetti, Italian tennis player
• 1982 – Brad Renfro, American actor (d. 2008)
• 1984 – Görkem Karabudak, Turkish musician
• 1985 – James Lafferty, American actor
• 1986 - Hulk, Brazilian football player
• 1987 – Fernando, Brazilian football player
• 1987 – Michael Welch, American actor
• 1988 - Paulinho is a Brazilian football player.
• 1989 – Brad Wanamaker, American basketball player
• 1994 – Ecem Baltacı, Turkish actress
• 1994 – Jordon Lukaku, Belgian football player
• 1996 – Filippo Ganna, Italian track and road cyclist

Deaths 

• 306 – Constantius Chlorus, Roman Emperor (b. 250)
• 1011 – Emperor Ichijō, 66th emperor of Japan in the traditional succession order (b. 980)
• 1190 – Sibylla became queen of the joint Kingdom of Jerusalem and Akka with her husband, King Guy Lusignan, between 1186 and 1190 (b. 1160)
• 1471 – Thomas Kempis, Catholic monk and writer (b. 1380)
• 1492 – Pope VIII. Innocentius was pope from 29 August 1484 to 25 July 1492 (b. 1432)
• 1564 – Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1503)
• 1572 – Isaac Luria, Jewish mystic (b. 1534)
• 1794 – André Chénier, French writer (b. 1762)
• 1834 – Samuel Taylor Coleridge, English poet (b. 1772)
• 1842 – Dominique Jean Larrey, French surgeon (b. 1766)
• 1887 – John Taylor, 3rd president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (b. 1808)
• 1916 – Mariya Alexandrovna Ulyanova, Russian socialist revolutionary (b. 1835)
• 1934 – Engelbert Dollfuss, Austrian politician (assassinated) (b. 1892)
• 1969 – Otto Dix, German painter and engraver (b. 1891)
• 1974 – İsmet Küntay, Turkish dramatist (b. 1923)
• 1980 – Vladimir Visotsky, Russian stage actor, songwriter, and folk singer (b. 1938)
• 1981 – Kenan Budak, Turkish revolutionary and socialist trade unionist (b. 1952)
• 1982 – Hal Foster, Canadian-American comics artist and Prince Valiant-Hero Prince'creator of (b. 1892)
• 1986 – Vincente Minnelli, American director (b. 1903)
• 1988 – Judith Barsi, American actress (b. 1978)
• 1991 – Lazar Moiseevich Kaganovich, Soviet politician and statesman (b. 1893)
• 1997 – William Ben Hogan, American player considered one of the greatest golfers of all time (b. 1912)
• 2003 – John Schlesinger, English director and Oscar winner (b. 1926)
• 2006 – Selçuk Parsadan, Turkish swindler (b. 1952)
• 2008 – Randolph Frederick Pausch, American professor of computer science (b. 1960)
• 2009 – Nezihe Araz, Turkish writer and journalist (b. 1920)
• 2010 – Vasco de Almeida e Costa, Portuguese naval officer and politician (b. 1932)
• 2011 – Bakır Çağlar, Turkish constitutional lawyer, academic (b. 1941)
• 2011 – Mihalis Kakoyannis, Greek Cypriot film director and producer (b. 1922)
• 2013 – Mohammed Al-Brahmi, Tunisian dissident, politician (b. 1955)
• 2013 – Bernadette Lafont, French actress (b. 1938)
• 2013 – Duilio Marzio, Italian-Argentine actor (b. 1923)
• 2013 – Kongarool Ondar, Russian artist (b. 1962)
• 2014 – Çolpan İlhan, Turkish theater and film actor (b. 1936)
• 2015 – Jacques Andréani, French diplomat (b. 1929)
• 2016 – Bülent Eken, Turkish former national football player and coach (b. 1923)
• 2016 – Pierre Fauchon, French politician and lawyer (b. 1929)
• 2016 – Halil İnalcık, Turkish historian (b. 1916)
• 2017 – Michael Johnson, American pop, country and folk singer, guitarist (b. 1944)
• 2017 – Taro Kimura, Japanese politician (b. 1965)
• 2017 – Marian Konieczny, Polish sculptor (b. 1930)
• 2017 – Barbara Sinatra, American former model and wife of Franck Sinatra (b. 1927)
• 2018 – Vakhtang Balavadze, Georgian wrestler (b. 1927)
• 2018 – Sergio Marchionne, Italian-Canadian businessman (b. 1952)
• 2019 – Farouk al-Fishawy, Egyptian film and television actor (b. 1952)
• 2019 – Jorma Kinnunen, Finnish Olympic athlete (b. 1941)
• 2019 – Al-Beji Kaid es-Sibsi, Tunisian lawyer and politician (b. 1926)
• 2020 – Azimcan Askarov, Kyrgyz political activist and journalist of Uzbek descent (b. 1951)
• 2020 – Steven L. dePyssler, United States Air Force officer (b. 1919)
• 2020 – Peter Green, English blues rock singer, songwriter and musician (b. 1946)
• 2020 – Flor Isava Fonseca, Venezuelan sports administrator, journalist and writer (b. 1921)
• 2020 – Olivia de Havilland, English actress and Oscar winner (b. 1916)
• 2020 – Bernard Ładysz, Polish opera singer and actor (b. 1922)
• 2020 – José Mentor, Brazilian lawyer and politician (b. 1948)
• 2020 – John Saxon, Italian-American actor (b. 1936)
• 2020 – Helen Jones Woods, jazz and swing trombone musician (b. 1923)