Today in History: Turkey Wins the World Typewriter Championship

July 29 is the 210th day of the year (211th in leap years) according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 155.

Railways

• 29 July 1896 Eskişehir Konya Line (443 km) was completed. Thus, the journey from Istanbul to Konya was reduced to 2 days. This line was nationalized on December 31, 1928.
• TCDD Enterprise was established.

Events

• 1830 – July Revolution in France; Charles X was deposed and replaced by Louis Philippe.
• 1832 – The Egyptian Khedive Army under the command of Kavalalı İbrahim Pasha defeated the Ottoman Army under the command of Ağa Hüseyin Pasha in the battle at the Belen Pass.
• 1900 - King Umberto I of Italy is assassinated by an anarchist named Gaetano Bresci.
• 1921 - Adolf Hitler becomes Chairman of the National Socialist German Workers' Party.
• 1947 - ENIAC, the world's first fully electronic computer, was restarted after a break to increase its memory and worked continuously until October 2, 1955.
• 1948 – 1948 Summer Olympics: II. The Olympics, which could not be held for 12 years due to World War II, started in London.
• 1950 – President of Turkish Peace Lovers Association Behice Boran and General Secretary Adnan Cemgil were arrested. The society protested the sending of troops to Korea.
• 1953 – The law that will encourage the construction of buildings and prevent illegal construction was accepted in the Turkish Grand National Assembly.
• 1957 – The International Atomic Energy Agency was established.
• 1958 - NASA was founded.
• 1959 - Homeland newspaper's owner and editor-in-chief, Ahmet Emin Yalman, was sentenced to 1 year and 3 months in prison for the “Pulliam Case”.
• 1960 - News The newspaper was closed for 10 days under the martial law for allegedly provocative and separatist publications.
• 1965 – Turkey became the champion in the World Typewriter Championship.
• 1967 – Earthquake in Caracas, Venezuela: About 500 people died.
• 1975 - Ankara's CHP Mayor Vedat Dalokay announced that he could not pay the workers' salaries and the government did not help. Dalokay started a three-day hunger strike to protest the Government.
• 1981 – Charles, Prince of Wales, married Lady Diana in the United Kingdom.
• 1986 – The Communist Party of Turkey trial was concluded; 74 defendants received prison sentences from 4 months to 15 years, 40 defendants were acquitted.
• 1987 – Margaret Thatcher and François Mitterrand sign an agreement to build the Channel Tunnel.
• 1988 – Melike Demirağ and Şanar Yurdatapan in Germany "Being in Istanbul” and ”Anadolu” tapes were banned by the Council of Ministers to be broadcast in Turkey. The counterclaim to the Council of State was dismissed.
• 1989 - Hashemi Rafsanjani won the Iranian Presidential elections.
• 1992 – Former Naval Forces Commander, Retired Admiral Kemal Kayacan was killed in an armed attack. Dev-Sol organization claimed responsibility for the attack.
• 1999 – First time a President is imprisoned while in office in the United States. President Bill Clinton was sentenced to $90.000 for making false statements.
• 2005 - Astronomers announce the discovery of a dwarf planet in the Solar System they call Eris.
• 2016 – Hakkari attack: 8 soldiers lost their lives and 25 others were injured in the attack organized by the PKK on the soldiers who were controlling the road on the Hakkari - Çukurca highway.

Births 

• 1605 – Simon Dach, German poet (d. 1659)
• 1750 – Fabre d'Églantine, French poet, actor, dramaturg and revolutionary (d. 1794)
• 1793 – Ján Kollár, Slovak writer, archaeologist, scientist, politician (d. 1852)
• 1817 – Ivan Aivazovsky, Russian painter (d.1900)
• 1883 – Benito Mussolini, Italian journalist, politician, and Prime Minister of Italy (d. 1945)
• 1885 – Theda Bara (Theodosia Goobman), American stage and film actress (d. 1955)
• 1888 – Vladimir Zworykin, Russian-American physicist and inventor (d. 1982)
• 1889 – Ernst Reuter, German politician and first Mayor of West Berlin (d. 1953)
• 1892 – William Powell, American actor (d. 1984)
• 1898 – Isidor Isaac Rabi, Austrian physicist (d. 1988)
• 1900 – Eyvind Johnson, Swedish writer and Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1976)
• 1902 – Ernst Glaeser, German writer (d. 1963)
• 1905 – Dag Hammarskjöld, Swedish economist and 2nd Secretary-General of the UN (d. 1961)
• 1923 – Atilla Konuk, Turkish politician and athlete (d. 2009)
• 1925 – Mikis Theodorakis, Greek composer
• 1933 – Lou Albano, American professional wrestler and actor (d. 2009)
• 1938 Peter Jennings, Canadian journalist (d. 2005)
• 1940 – Aytaç Yalman, Turkish soldier and Turkish Land Forces Commander (d. 2020)
• 1945 – Mircea Lucescu, Romanian football player and manager
• 1949 – Jamil Mahuad, Ecuadorian politician and lawyer
• 1953 – Ken Burns, American director and documentary filmmaker
• 1955 – Jean-Hugues Anglade, French actor
• 1958 – Yavuz Sepetçi, Turkish actor
• 1960 – Binnur Şerbetçioğlu, Turkish theater, cinema and TV series actress
• 1963 – Alexandra Paul is an American actress.
• 1963 – Graham Poll, English former football referee, columnist, football commentator
• 1966 – Martina McBride, American Grammy-winning country music singer
• 1968 – Paavo Lötjonen, Finnish musician
• 1970 – Rashed Al-Maced, Saudi artist, musician and music producer
• 1971 – Lisa Ekdahl, Swedish singer-songwriter
• 1973 – Stephen Dorff, American actor
• 1974 – Josh Radnor, American actor
• 1974 – Yeşim Ceren Bozoğlu, Turkish theater, cinema and TV series actress
• 1978 – Ayşe Hatun Önal, Turkish singer
• 1980 – Fernando Gonzalez, Chilean tennis player
• 1981 - Fernando Alonso, Spanish Formula 1 driver
• 1984 – Wilson Palacios was a Honduran national football player.
• 1984 – Oh Beom-Seok, South Korean national football player
• 1985 – Besart Berisha, Kosovo national football player
• 1990 – Matt Prokop, American actor
• 1994 – Daniele Rugani, Italian football player
• 1994 - Ryo Toyama, Japanese football player

Deaths 

• 238 – Balbinus, Roman Emperor (b. ca. 165)
• 238 – Pupienus, Roman Emperor (b. 178)
• 1095 – Ladislaus I, king of Hungary from 1077 and Croatia from 1091 (b. 1040)
• 1099 – II. Urban, Pope (initiator of the First Crusade) (b. 1042)
• 1108 – Philip I, king of the Franks from 1060 until his death (b. 1052)
• 1644 – VIII. Urban reigned as pope from August 6, 1623 until his death on July 29, 1644 (b. 1568)
• 1786 – Franz Asplmayr, Austrian composer and violin virtuoso (b. 1728)
• 1833 – William Wilberforce, English philanthropist and politician (b. 1759)
• 1856 – Robert Schumann, German composer (b. 1810)
• 1890 – Vincent Van Gogh, Dutch painter (b. 1853)
• 1900 – Umberto I, King of Italy (b. 1844)
• 1913 – Tobias Asser is a Dutch lawyer and jurist. He shared the Nobel Peace Prize in 1911 with Alfred Fried (b. 1838)
• 1916 – Tanburi Cemil Bey, Turkish composer, master of string tanbur, classical kemenche and lute (b. 1873)
• 1927 – Mehmed Nuri Efendi, the last Shaykh al-Islam of the Ottoman Empire (b. 1859)
• 1951 – Ali Sami Yen, Turkish football player, coach and co-founder of Galatasaray club (b. 1886)
• 1954 – Franz Josef Popp, founder of BMW AG (b. 1886)
• 1960 – Hasan Saka, Turkish politician and 7th Prime Minister of the Republic of Turkey (b. 1886)
• 1962 – Ronald Fisher, English statistician, biologist, and geneticist (b. 1890)
• 1973 – Henri Charrière, French writer (b. 1906)
• 1974 – Cass Elliot (Mama Cass), American singer (b. 1941)
• 1974 – Erich Kästner, German writer (b. 1899)
• 1979 – Herbert Marcuse, German-American philosopher (b. 1898)
• 1982 – Vladimir Zworykin, Russian-American physicist and inventor (b. 1888)
• 1983 – Raymond Massey, Canadian-American stage and film actor (b. 1896)
• 1983 – David Niven, British film actor (b. 1910)
• 1983 – Luis Buñuel, Spanish film director (b. 1900)
• 1983 – Mürüvvet Sim, Turkish theater and cinema artist (b. 1929)
• 1990 – Bruno Kreisky, Austrian politician, leader of the Austrian Social Democratic Party, and Chancellor of Austria (b. 1911)
• 1992 – Kemal Kayacan, Turkish soldier, 7th Commander of the Turkish Naval Forces and politician (b. 1915)
• 1994 – Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin, English chemist and Nobel Prize laureate in Chemistry (b. 1910)
• 1998 – Jerome Robbins, American theatrical producer, director, and choreographer (b. 1918)
• 2001 – Edward Gierek, Polish communist leader (First Secretary of the Polish United Workers' Party 1970-80) (b. 1913)
• 2003 – Foday Sankoh, founder and leader of the Sierra Leone rebel group [[Revolutionary United Front (RUF) (b. 1937)
• 2006 – Halit Capin, Turkish journalist and writer (b. 1936)
• 2007 – Michel Serrault, French actor (b. 1928)
• 2008 – Şevki Vanlı, Turkish architect (b. 1926)
• 2009 – Demirtaş Ceyhun, Turkish short story and novelist (b. 1934)
• 2011 – Nella Martinetti, Swiss singer-songwriter (b. 1946)
• 2012 – John Finnegan, American film, television and stage actor, dubbing artist (b.1926)
• 2012 – Chris Marker, French writer, photographer, film director, multimedia artist and documentarian (b. 1921)
• 2012 – James Mellaart, British archaeologist (b. 1925)
• 2013 – Christian Benítez, former football player from Ecuador (b. 1986)
• 2015 – Suna Kili, Turkish academic (b. 1929)
• 2017 – Sophie Huet, French journalist (b. 1953)
• 2017 – Reza Malik, former prime minister of Algeria (b. 1931)
• 2017 – Olivier Strebelle, Belgian sculptor (b. 1927)
• 2018 – Hans Kristian Amundsen, Norwegian newspaper editor and politician (b. 1959)
• 2018 – Brian Christopher, American professional wrestler (b. 1972)
• 2018 – Oliver Dragojević, Croatian singer and musician (b. 1947)
• 2018 – Abbas Duzduzani, Iranian soldier and politician (b. 1942)
• 2018 – Ma Ju-feng, Taiwanese-Chinese actress (b. 1955)
• 2018 – Tomasz Stańko, Polish trumpeter and composer (b. 1942)
• 2018 – Nikolai Volkoff, Croatian-Yugoslav-American professional wrestler (b. 1947)
• 2020 – Salko Bukvarević, Bosnian politician and soldier (b. 1967)
• 2020 – SK. art. Nurul Haque, Bangladeshi politician (b. 1940)
• 2020 – Malik B., American rapper and singer (b. 1972)
• 2020 – Hernán Pinto, Chilean lawyer, politician (b. 1953)
• 2020 – Perrance Shiri, Zimbabwean politician (b. 1955)