Obstetrics and Gynecology Specialist Op. Dr. Meral Sönmezer gave important information on the subject. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), which is one of the most common hormonal disorders in women of reproductive age, negatively affects fertility. Polycystic ovary syndrome, by causing ovulation disorder; In addition to causing complaints such as infertility, menstrual irregularity, and increased hair growth, it also paves the way for many different diseases such as hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, if not treated. What is Polycystic Ovary Syndrome? What are the Symptoms of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome? How is the diagnosis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) made? Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Treatment
What are the Symptoms of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome?
Although Polycystic Ovary Syndrome does not show any symptoms in the initial period, it begins to show itself with some symptoms over time. Although the symptoms vary from person to person, common symptoms seen in most women include; Caused by the increase of androgen hormones in the blood; problems such as lubrication on the skin, acne, male pattern hair growth, darkening and thickening of the hair and excessive hair loss, lack of menstruation or irregular menstruation as a result of irregular ovulation, difficulty in conceiving, recurrent miscarriages, infertility, especially abdominal fat, weight loss Weight problems such as increase and difficulty in losing weight, darkening of the skin color and thickening of the skin in areas where friction is high such as the neck, groin, armpits and under the breasts, depression and mood changes, high blood pressure, insulin resistance, sleep apnea, snoring, It manifests itself with symptoms such as endometrial hyperplasia (thickening of the uterine wall).
How is the diagnosis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) made?
Diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome; The patient's complaints can be diagnosed by physical examination, ultrasound and blood tests. Although there is no specific test to diagnose polycystic ovary syndrome, it shows itself with typical symptoms. For a diagnosis of PCOS to be made, at least two of the diagnostic criteria must be observed;
- Ovulation disorders such as prolonged menstrual delays or no menstruation.
- Observation of a typical polycystic ovary (PCO) image on ultrasonography, and multiple cysts (follicles) that do not exceed 8-10 mm in diameter and are located in one or both ovaries.
- In polycystic ovary syndrome, hormone and complete blood count tests and the level of androgen hormones in the blood and the levels of hormones called FSH and LH are important in diagnosing the disease. Also; Existence of signs and symptoms of hyperandrogenism (excessive androgen), such as excessive hair growth or thickening of the hair, high level of androgen hormone are among the necessary criteria for diagnosis.
In order to diagnose PCOS, the presence of PCO image on ultrasound, absence of ovulation or just hyperandogenism alone is not sufficient and at least two of the findings must be observed at the same time. At the same time, the patient's blood pressure and blood sugar level should be checked.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Treatment
Although there is no standard and definitive treatment method for polycystic ovary syndrome, the treatment method to be applied should be individually planned by the physician in accordance with the complaints observed in the patient and the general condition of the patient. In cases where the disease is not treated for a long time; It paves the way for the development of diseases such as type 2 diabetes, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, heart diseases, obesity and uterine cancer. One of the problems directly seen in patients is the inability to become pregnant due to ovulation disorders. Polycystic ovary syndrome is a chronic disease and the first step in treatment should be to recognize this disease and adopt an appropriate lifestyle. For this reason, women with this disease should pay attention to factors such as healthy nutrition, exercise and weight control. In patients with impaired ovulation function, drug treatments to restore ovulation or surgical interventions for the ovaries with laparoscopic (closed) methods are applied. In addition to these, the patient should support the treatment process with a personalized polycystic ovarian syndrome diet and physical activity prepared by the dietitian.
As in many diseases, early diagnosis of the disease in polycystic ovarian syndrome is very important in terms of stopping the disease before it progresses and preventing the problems caused by the disease. Therefore, if you encounter the symptoms of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, you should consult a gynecologist and obstetrician for a definitive diagnosis and diagnosis.
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