Today in History: Prophet Muhammad and the first Muslims migrated from Mecca to Medina

July 16 is the 197nd (198rd in leap years) day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. There are 168 days left until the end of the year.

Railways

• 16 July 1920 The Directorate of Parliament was established in Eskisehir to seize railways outside the Turkish Grand National Assembly's occupation zones. Colonel Behiç (Erkin) Bey was brought to his head. Konya-Yenice and Afyon-Uşak lines were given to the military inspector Vasfi Bey and Ankara-Eskişehir, Eskişehir-Bilecik, Eskişehir-Konya and Toros-Amanos parts were given to Behiç Bey.

Events 

• 622 – Muhammad and the first Muslims with him migrated from Mecca to Medina. This event is accepted as the beginning of the Hijri calendar.
• 1212 – Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa: During the Reconquista, Pope III. The Christian Kingdoms in Spain, coming together at the call of Innocentius, defeated the Muslim Almohads under Muhammad Nasser.
• 1394 – King of France VI. Charles gave orders for the Jews to be expelled from France.
• 1661 – The first banknote in Europe was printed and put into circulation by a Swedish bank called “Stockholms Banco”.
• 1782 – by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Abduction from the Palace opera was performed for the first time.
• 1880 - Emily Stowe becomes the first licensed female physician in Canada.
• 1912 – Stockholm Olympic Games started.
• 1921 - Adjara Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was established. In 1991, the Autonomous Republic of Adjara was established.
• 1935 - The world's first parking meter is installed on a street in Oklahoma City.
• 1942 – Largest Jewish arrest in France: 12884 Jews are arrested for deportation to Auschwitz.
• 1945 – Manhattan Project: The first atomic bomb test (Trinity test) was conducted near the city of Alamogordo, New Mexico, USA.
• 1965 – The Mont Blanc Tunnel, connecting France and Italy, was opened.
• 1969 - Apollo 11 was launched from Kennedy Space Center.
• 1979 - Saddam Hussein became President of Iraq.
• 1990 – Earthquake in Philippines: 1450 dead.
• 1994 - Pieces of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 crashed into the planet Jupiter.
• 1999 – The small plane of John F. Kennedy, Jr., son of former US President John F. Kennedy and Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, crashes into the Atlantic Ocean. Kennedy lost his life with his wife and sister-in-law that are in the plane.
• 2005 – A suicide bomber drove his explosive-laden tanker truck to the gas station in Musayyib, Iraq: 98 dead, 100 injured.
• 2008 – A bomb-laden vehicle exploded in a market place in Tal Afar, Iraq: 7 people, including 11 children, were killed and 90 injured ^{Archived July 30, 2008 at the Wayback Machine.}
• 2016 – The military coup attempt initiated on 15 July by a group of soldiers who defined themselves as the Peace at Home Council within the Turkish Armed Forces in Turkey was suppressed.

Births 

• 1486 – Andrea del Sarto, Italian painter (d. 1531)
• 1723 – Joshua Reynolds, English painter (d. 1792)
• 1796 – Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot, French impressionist painter (d. 1875)
• 1872 – Roald Amundsen, Norwegian explorer (d. 1928)
• 1902 – Orhan Şaik Gökyay, Turkish poet and literature history and language researcher (d. 1994)
• 1906 – Halide Pişkin, Turkish theater actress (d. 1959)
• 1907 Barbara Stanwyck, American actress (d. 1990)
• 1911 – Ginger Rogers, American actress and dancer (d. 1995)
• 1915 – Cihat Arman, Turkish football player (Fenerbahce and the national team's goalkeeper) (d. 1994)
• 1918 – Müzeyyen Senar, Turkish singer (d. 2015)
• 1936 – Yasuo Fukuda, Japanese politician
• 1943 – Reinaldo Arenas, Cuban poet, novelist, and playwright (d. 1990)
• 1945 – Çetin Tekindor, Turkish actor and voice actor
• 1952 – Stewart Copeland, American musician
• 1954 – Betül Arım, Turkish theater, cinema and TV series actress
• 1956 – Lutz Eigendorf, German former football player (d. 1983)
• 1956 - Tony Kushner, American playwright
• 1957 – Włodzimierz Smolarek, former Polish national football player (d. 2012)
• 1963 – Phoebe Cates, American actress
• 1963 – Nina Petri, German actress
• 1964 – Ashot Anastasyan, Armenian World champion chess player (d. 2016)
• 1964 – Costance Adams, American architect and author (d. 2018)
• 1964 – Nino Burcanadze, Georgian politician and speaker of the Georgian Parliament
• 1964 – Miguel Indurain, Retired Spanish road cyclist.
• 1966 – Yıldız Tilbe, Turkish singer, composer and songwriter
• 1968 – Larry Sanger, American internet project/software developer, co-founder of Wikipedia and founder of Citizendium
• 1970 – Apichatpong Weerasethakul, Thai screenwriter and filmmaker
• 1971 – Bibiana Beglau, German actress
• 1973 – Shaun Pollock, South African cricketer
• 1976 - Anna Smashnova, Israeli professional tennis player
• 1976 – Elsa Pataky, Spanish model and actress
• 1976 – Michael Petkovic, Croatian-Australian former Goalkeeper
• 1978 – Gülhan Şen, Turkish presenter
• 1979 – Jayma Mays, American actress
• 1980 – Svetlana Feofanova, Russian former pole vaulter
• 1980 – Jesse Jane, American pornographic actress and model
• 1981 – Maher Zain, Lebanese-Swedish musician
• 1983 - Katrina Kaif, British actress and model
• 1984 – Franco Dario Cangele, Argentine football player
• 1987 - Annalynne McCord is an American actress.
• 1987 – Mousa Dembélé, Belgian football player
• 1988 - Sergio Busquets, Spanish national football player
• 1989 – Gareth Bale, Welsh national football player
• 1993 – Alpaslan Öztürk, Turkish-Belgian football player

Deaths 

• 1060 – Çağrı is the grandson of Seljuk ruler Seljuk Bey from Kınık tribe of Oghuz, son of Mikail, elder brother of Tugrul Bey and father of Alp Arslan (b. 989)
• 1216 – III. Innocentius was pope from 8 January 1198 to 16 July 1216 (b. 1161)
• 1324 – Go-Uda, 91st Emperor of Japan (b. 1267)
• 1342 – Károly I was King of Hungary and Croatia from 1308 until his death (b. 1288)
• 1557 – Anne of Cleves, VIII. She was Henry's fourth wife (b. 1515)
• 1612 – Leonardo Donato, 90th Duke of the Republic of Venice (b. 1536)
• 1664 – Andreas Gryphius, German poet of baroque literature (b. 1616)
• 1764 – VI. Ivan, Russian tsar in 1740-1741 (b. 1740)
• 1857 – Pierre-Jean de Béranger, French lyricist, poet (b. 1780)
• 1889 – Michele Amari, Sicilian historian and orientalist (b. 1806)
• 1910 – Albert Anker, Swiss painter (b. 1831)
• 1915 – Ellen G. White, co-founder and leader of the Seventh-day Adventist Church (b. 1827)
• 1920 – Gyula Benczúr, Hungarian painter (b. 1844)
• 1945 – David Lindsay, English writer (b. 1876)
• 1959 – Henri Prost, French architect and urban planner (b. 1874)
• 1960 – Albert Kesselring, German soldier and Luftwaffe marshal in Nazi Germany (b. 1885)
• 1960 – John P. Marquand, American author (b. 1893)
• 1963 – Nikolay Aseyev, Russian poet (b. 1889)
• 1964 – Rauf Orbay, Turkish soldier and politician (b. 1881)
• 1969 – Vecihi Hürkuş, Turkish pilot, engineer and entrepreneur (Turkish aviation leader) (b. 1896)
• 1982 – Charles Robberts Swart, South African lawyer and politician (b. 1894)
• 1985 – Heinrich Böll, German writer and Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1917)
• 1989 – Herbert von Karajan, Austrian conductor (b. 1908)
• 1990 – Miguel Muñoz, Spanish former football player and manager (b. 1922)
• 1994 – Julian Schwinger, American theoretical physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics (b. 1918)
• 1999 – John F. Kennedy Jr., American lawyer, journalist, and magazine publisher (b. 1960)
• 2001 – Morris (Maurice de Bevere), Belgian illustrator (comics) Red kit'creator of (b. 1923)
• 2003 – Celia Cruz, Cuban singer (b. 1925)
• 2003 – Carol Shields, Canadian-American novelist and short story writer (b. 1935)
• 2005 – Camillo Felgen, singer from Luxembourg (b. 1920)
• 2006 – Güzin Sayar, Turkish journalist and Guzin Sister Columnist who became famous for his column (b. 1921)
• 2008 – Çetin Özek, Turkish lawyer, writer and journalist (b. 1934)
• 2012 – Stephen Covey, Educator, corporate consultant, and author (b. 1932)
• 2012 – Jon Lord, English composer, organist and piano musician (b. 1941)
• 2012 – Kitty Wells, American country music singer (b. 1919)
• 2013 – T-Model Ford, American guitarist and blues singer (b. 1924)
• 2014 – Karl Hans Albrecht, German entrepreneur and businessman (b. 1920)
• 2014 – Faruk Ilgaz, Turkish sportsman (b. 1922)
• 2014 – Johnny Winter, American blues guitarist, singer and songwriter (b. 1944)
• 2015 – Alcides Ghiggia, Uruguayan international football player (b. 1926)
• 2015 – Brian Hall, former Scottish footballer (b. 1946)
• 2015 – Ali Nar, Turkish poet and writer (b. 1938)
• 2016 – Ömer Halisdemir, Turkish non-commissioned officer (b. 1974)
• 2016 – Nate Thurmond, American black legendary basketball player (b. 1941)
• 2017 – Trevor Baxter, English actor and playwright (b. 1932)
• 2017 – Régis Gizavo, Malagasy-born Malaysian accordionist and musician (b. 1959)
• 2017 – George A. Romero, American director, writer, editor, and actor (b. 1940)
• 2018 – Jerzy Piskun is a Polish former basketball player (b. 1938)
• 2019 – Rosa María Britton, Panamanian physician and novelist (b. 1936)
• 2019 – Ernie Broglio, American former professional baseball player (b. 1935)
• 2019 – Sonia Infante, Mexican film producer, film and television actress (b. 1944)
• 2019 – John Paul Stevens was an American lawyer and jurist (b. 1920)
• 2020 – Patrick Ellis, American radio show host and production director (b. 1943)
• 2020 – Cornelius Mwalwanda, Malawian development economist (b. 1944)
• 2020 – Neela Satyanarayanan, Indian writer (b. 1948)
• 2020 – Phyllis Somerville, American actress (b. 1943)
• 2020 – Víctor Víctor, Dominican guitarist, singer and composer (b. 1948)