Today in History: Five Turkish Cypriots Killed by Ambush

July 12 is the 193nd (194rd in leap years) day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. There are 172 days left until the end of the year.

Railways

• During the First World War on July 12, 1915, Mesiciye-Birüsseba (164 km), Birüsseba-Hafi-retü'l-Avce (72 km), Lid-Birüsseba (96 km) sections of the Hicaz Railway Egypt Branch were built for military purposes.

Events 

• 1191 – Third Crusade: Soldiers affiliated to Saladin Eyyubi, II. They surrendered to Philip's Army at the end of the second year.
• 1521 – Turkish Army entered Zemun (Siege of Zemun).
• 1806 – The 16 German Principalities broke away from the Holy Roman Empire to form the Confederation of the Rhine. The Confederation was a revitalized version of the Union of the Rhine.
• 1878 – After the Ottoman Empire handed over the administration of the island of Cyprus to the United Kingdom with the Cyprus Convention signed on June 4, 1878, the first United Kingdom flag was hoisted on the Nicosia bastions today.
• 1918 – The Battle of Salyan took place during World War I. The Kura river was taken under control by the Ottoman army.
• 1923 – The piece composed by Ali Rifat Bey was chosen for the Turkish National Anthem. This march was replaced with Zeki Bey's composition in 7, after 1930 years of reading.
• 1932 – Turkish Language Institution was established.
• 1933 - The US Congress sets the minimum wage: 33 cents per hour.
• 1935 – In the Kingdom of Romania, leaders of the Romanian Communist Party were arrested as part of anticommunist activities. They were later tried at the political trial known as the 1936 Craiova Trial.
• 1936 – Ahmet Kireççi (Mersinli Ahmet), who came third in wrestling 71 kilograms, brought Turkey the first Olympic medal at the Berlin Olympics.
• 1944 – Istanbul Graduate School of Engineering was reorganized and turned into Istanbul Technical University. Technical university; It was divided into four faculties, namely Construction, Architecture, Machinery and Electricity Faculties.
• 1947 – The first bilateral agreement between the United States and Turkey, which foresees military and economic assistance, is signed.
• 1948 – Ruhi Sarıalp placed third in the triple jump at the London Olympics.
• 1950 - René Pleven becomes Prime Minister of France.
• 1951 – The foundation of Istanbul Sultanahmet Courthouse was laid.
• 1958 – Events escalate in Cyprus. Five Turkish Cypriots were killed in an ambush.
• 1960 – Celal Bayar was referred to the Supreme Court for treason.
• 1962 – The Rolling Stones gave their first concert in London at the “Marquee Club”.
• 1967 – Six-day racist riots begin in Newark (New Jersey). During the events, 27 people lost their lives.
• 1973 – President Fahri Korutürk vetoed the Forest Crimes Amnesty Law.
• 1977 – President of the Confederation of Turkish Trade Unions Halil Tunç said: “If the Nationalist Front (MC) Government is formed and it receives a vote of confidence, we will go on a general strike.”
• 1987 – A curfew was imposed throughout the country in order to determine the electoral rolls to be used in the referendum to be held for constitutional amendment in Turkey.
• 1991 – In the police raids carried out in three different parts of Istanbul, 10 Dev-Sol members were killed. Pasha Guven, one of the former leaders of the organization, was killed in Paris on the same day.
• 1993 – Hülya Avşar, “Berlin in BerlinShe received the “Best Actress Award” at the Moscow Film Festival for her role in the movie.
• 1993 – An earthquake measuring 7,7 on the Richter scale, off the island of Hokkaido, Japan, killed 230 people.
• 1993 – Miss Turkey Arzum Onan was selected as Miss Europe.
• 1994 – Former deputies of the closed Democracy Party, Selim Sadak and Sedat Yurtdaş, were arrested.
• 1997 – The 55th Government under the Prime Ministry of Mesut Yılmaz received a vote of confidence. Coalition Government known as Anasol-D; It consisted of ANAP, DSP, Democrat Turkey Party (DTP) and 1 independent member.
• 2000 – ANAP Chairman Mesut Yılmaz entered the Cabinet as the Deputy Prime Minister responsible for the European Union.
• 2002 – Moroccan soldiers planting the Moroccan flag on an uninhabited Spanish island in the Mediterranean, protested by Spain and the EU.
• 2004 - Pedro Santana Lopes becomes Prime Minister of Portugal.
• 2006 – Hezbollah's missile attacks on northern Israeli territory, killing 8 Israeli soldiers and capturing 2 of them, started the 2006 Israel-Lebanon Crisis.
• 2010 – Istanbul Volleyball Club was established.
• 2016 – Hürkuş became the first Turkish aircraft to receive a certificate from Europe.

Births 

• 100 BC – Julius Caesar, Roman Emperor (d. 44 BC)
• 1730 – Anna Barbara Reinhart, Swiss mathematician (d. 1796)
• 1813 – Francisque Bouillier, French philosopher (d. 1899)
• 1817 – Henry David Thoreau, American author (d. 1862)
• 1824 – Eugène Boudin, French painter (d. 1898)
• 1828 – Nikolai Chernyshevsky, Russian philosopher (d. 1889)
• 1849 William Osler, Canadian physician (d. 1919)
• 1854 – George Eastman, American inventor, industrialist, and founder of Eastman Kodak (d. 1932)
• 1861 – Anton Arenski, Russian composer (d. 1906)
• 1863 – Albert Calmette, French physician, bacteriologist, and immunologist (d. 1933)
• 1884 – Amedeo Modigliani, Italian painter and sculptor (d. 1920)
• 1884 – Louis B. Mayer, American filmmaker (d. 1957)
• 1891 – Halit Fahri Ozansoy, Turkish poet, journalist, playwright and teacher (d. 1971)
• 1904 – Pablo Neruda, Chilean poet and Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1973)
• 1908 – Milton Berle, American comedian and actor (d. 2002)
• 1913 – Willis Eugene Lamb, American physicist and Nobel Prize laureate in Physics (d. 2008)
• 1916 – Lyudmila Pavlichenko, Soviet sniper (d. 1974)
• 1925 – Yasushi Akutagawa, Japanese composer and conductor (d. 1989)
• 1930 – Ruth Drexel, German actress, theater artist and director (d. 2009)
• 1934 – Van Cliburn, American pianist (d. 2013)
• 1937 - Bill Cosby, American comedian
• 1940 – Mehmet Akif Inan, Turkish poet, writer, researcher, teacher (d. 2000)
• 1946 – Jens Beutel, German politician and chess player (d. 2019)
• 1947 – Aslan Tkhakushinov, 3rd President of the Republic of Adygea
• 1951 – Cheryl Ladd, American actress
• 1952 – Irina Bokova, Bulgarian politician and former Director-General of UNESCO
• 1954 – Eric Adams is the vocalist of the heavy metal band Manowar
• 1957 – Rick Husband, American astronaut (d. 2003)
• 1958 – Dilber Ay (Gülşen Demirci), Turkish cinema artist (d. 1995)
• 1960 – Ahmet Ümit, Turkish poet and writer
• 1962 – Julio César Chávez, Mexican boxer
• 1963 – Frédéric Salat-Baroux, French bureaucrat
• 1964 – Osman Tural, Turkish bureaucrat
• 1966 – Fevai Arslan, Turkish politician
• 1967 – John Petrucci, American guitarist and member of Dream Theater
• 1970 – Aure Atika, French actress of Moroccan-Portuguese descent
• 1970 – Dana Golombek, German singer and actress
• 1970 – Lee Byung-hun, South Korean actor, singer, and model
• 1970 – İpek Tenolcay, Turkish model, film and TV series actress
• 1971 – Nathaniel Philip Rothschild, British-Jewish financier (member of the Rothschild family)
• 1971 - Kristi Yamaguchi, American figure skater
• 1972 – Lady Saw, Jamaican reggae singer
• 1973 – Umut Akyürek, Turkish classical music artist
• 1973 - Magoo, American rapper
• 1973 - Christian Vieri is an Italian former football player.
• 1974 - Sharon den Adel, Dutch musician
• 1976 - Anna Friel, English actress
• 1976 – Hüsnü Şenlenen, Turkish clarinetist
• 1977 – Clayton Zane, Australian football player and manager
• 1978 – Michelle Rodriguez, American actress
• 1978 – Topher Grace, American actress
• 1982 – Antonio Cassano is an Italian former international football player.
• 1983 – Libania Grenot, Cuban-born Italian athlete
• 1987 – Cansın Hacıbekiroğlu, Turkish volleyball player
• 1988 - Patrick Beverley, American professional basketball player
• 1989 - Phoebe Tonkin is an Australian actress and model.
• 1991 – Salih Dursun, Turkish football player
• 1991 – James Rodríguez, Colombian national football player
• 1995 – Luke Shaw, English international footballer
• 1997 - Malala Yousafzai becomes the youngest person to win the Nobel Prize in 2014
• 2000 – Vinicius Júnior, Brazilian national football player

Deaths 

• 1067 – John Komnenos, Byzantine aristocrat and military leader (b. 1015)
• 1441 – Ashikaga Yoshinori, sixth shogun of the Ashikaga shogunate (b. 1394)
• 1536 – Desiderius Erasmus, Dutch writer and philosopher (b. 1466)
• 1539 – Ferdinand Columbus, second son of Christopher Columbus (b. 1488)
• 1712 – Richard Cromwell, son of Oliver Cromwell (b. 1626)
• 1720 – Sukjong is the 19th king of the Joseon Kingdom (b. 1661)
• 1751 – Tokugawa Yoshimune, 8th shogun of the Tokugawa Shogunate and son of Tokugawa Mitsusada (b. 1684)
• 1762 – Sado, second son of King Yeongjo of Joseon (b. 1735)
• 1804 – Alexander Hamilton, theorist and founder of the Federalist Party, America's first party (b. 1757)
• 1855 – Pavel Nahimov, Russian admiral (d. 1802)
• 1874 – Fritz Reuter, German novelist (b. 1810)
• 1910 – Charles Rolls, English engineer and pilot (b. 1877)
• 1926 – Gertrude Bell, English traveler and spy (b. 1868)
• 1930 – FE Smith, First Earl of Birkenhead, British Conservative Party and lawyer (b. 1872)
• 1931 – Nathan Söderblom, Swedish cleric and Nobel Peace Prize laureate (b. 1866)
• 1931 – Vladimir Triandafillov, Soviet commander and theorist (b. 1894)
• 1935 – Alfred Dreyfus, French officer (Dreyfus case) (b. 1859)
• 1935 – Ernesto Brown, Argentine football player (b. 1885)
• 1945 – Boris Galerkin, Russian mathematician (b. 1871)
• 1945 – Wolfram von Richthofen, German fighter pilot and Generalfeldmarschalli of the Luftwaffe during the Nazi era. (b. 1895)
• 1949 – Douglas Hyde, Irish politician and poet (b. 1860)
• 1965 – Ahmet Hulusi Köymen, Turkish politician (b. 1891)
• 1967 – Fridrikh Markovitch Ermler was a Russian screenwriter and filmmaker (b. 1898)
• 1967 – Otto Nagel, German painter (b. 1894)
• 1973 – Lon Chaney, Jr., American actor (b. 1906)
• 1975 – Latife Uşaklıgil, Atatürk's wife (b. 1898)
• 1979 – Minnie Riperton, American singer-songwriter (b. 1947)
• 1998 – Jimmy Driftwood, American folk singer and songwriter (b. 1907)
• 2002 – Ece Ayhan, Turkish poet (b. 1931)
• 2003 – Benny Carter, American trumpeter, composer, arranger, and bandleader (b. 1907)
• 2005 – Willi Heinrich, German writer (b. 1920)
• 2007 – Ulus Baker, Turkish writer and translator (b. 1960)
• 2007 – Gottfried von Einem, Austrian Austrian opera composer (b. 2016)
• 2013 – Paul Bhattacharjee, British Indian actor (b. 1960)
• 2014 – Valeriya Novodvorskaya, Russian writer and politician (b. 1950)
• 2015 – Tenzin Delek Rinpoche was a Tibetan Buddhist leader from Sichuan (b. 1950)
• 2016 – Lorenzo Amurri, Italian writer and musician (b. 1971)
• 2016 – Goran Hadžić, Croatian politician and former President of Republika Srpska Krayina (b. 1958)
• 2017 – Sam Glanzman, American comics and animator (b. 1924)
• 2018 – Abbas Emir-Intizam, Iranian politician and convict (b. 1932)
• 2018 – Xerardo Fernández Albor, Galician politician and statesman (b. 1917)
• 2018 – Roger Perry, American actor (b. 1933)
• 2018 – Laura Soveral, Angolan-Portuguese actress (b. 1933)
• 2018 – Dada Vaswani, Indian denominational religious leader (b. 1918)
• 2018 – Robert Wolders, Dutch-American actor (b. 1936)
• 2019 – Jorge Aguado, Argentine politician and minister (b. 1925)
• 2019 – Fernando J. Corbató, American computer scientist (b. 1926)
• 2019 – Dengir Mir Mehmet Firat, Turkish lawyer and politician (b. 1943)
• 2019 – Claudio Naranjo, Chilean writer, activist, and psychiatrist (b. 1932)
• 2020 – Miryana Baseva, Bulgarian poet and writer (b. 1947)
• 2020 – Raymundo Capetillo, Mexican theater, film, television and radio actor (b. 1943)
• 2020 – Judy Dyble, English singer-songwriter (b. 1949)
• 2020 – Alfred Mtsi, South African politician (b. 1951)
• 2020 - Kelly Preston is an American actress, model and singer. (b. 1962)
• 2020 – Lajos Szűcs, Hungarian national football player (b. 1943)