Today in History: Cabotage Law Regulating the Principles of Maritime Trade Entered into Force

July 1 is the 182nd (183rd in leap years) day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. There are 183 days left until the end of the year.

Railways

• July 1 1873 Ruse-Varna railway Baron Hirsch loan from the European Turkey Railways Company.
• 1 July 1911 Bulgurlu-Ulukışla (38km) line was opened on the Anatolian-Baghdad Railway.
• 1 July 1917 In the Maan area, the 7 wire was cut, two bridges were blown up, and the 7 telegraph pole was destroyed.
• 1 July 1930 Bolkuş-Filyos line is opened.
• 1 July 1934 The branch line of Fevzipaşa-Diyarbakır line at Yolçatı station reached Elazığ. 344 of Fevzipaşa-Diyarbakır railway. 24 km line from Yolçatı station at km / h 11 was commissioned in August 1934.
• 1 July 1937 Toprakkale-Payas and Fevzipaşa-Meydanıekbase line were nationalized and opened for operation.
• 1 July 1943 Batman-Beşiri line (33 km) is in operation
• 1 July 1946 Elazığ-Palu line (70 km) opened.
• July 1 2006 Turkey also confirmed that, "the Convention on International Railway Transport" (COTIF) entered into force.
• 1 July 2008 Train is Freedom / Hürriyet We are in the opening ceremony for the right train.
• 1 July 2016 Osmangazi Bridge was completed and the bridge was opened.

Events 

• 1527 – Philipps University of Marburg, the world's first and oldest Protestant university, is founded.
• 1683 – The Vienna offensive of the Ottoman armies began.
• 1736 – 23rd Ottoman Sultan III. Ahmet died; replaced by Mahmud I.
• 1798 - Napoleon invades Egypt.
• 1839 – Sultan II. Mahmoud died; Sultan Abdülmecit took his place.
• 1867 – The British North America Act is enacted as the Canadian Constitution, creating the Canadian Confederation. John A. Macdonald became the first Prime Minister.
• 1878 – Cyprus was temporarily transferred to the United Kingdom, with land ownership remaining with the Ottomans.
• 1881 - The world's first international telephone call, St. Stephen (New Brunswick) and Calais (Maine).
• 1903 - The Tour de France ("Tour de France") is held for the first time. French Maurice Garin won this race and he was awarded 6075 Francs.
• 1908 - SOS is adopted as the International Morse code emergency signal.
• 1911 – Kandilli Observatory was established.
• 1920 – “Sunuf-u Muhtelife Officers' Appointments Training” was opened in Ankara to train officers.
• 1921 - The Communist Party of China is founded.
• 1925 – The first lottery was organized for the benefit of the Turkish Aircraft Society Schools.
• 1926 – The Cabotage Law, which regulates the principles of maritime transport and trade, came into effect.
• 1927 – Mustafa Kemal, who left Istanbul on May 16, 1919, was welcomed with great ceremonies when he came to Istanbul for the first time after the liberation.
• 1929 – Istanbul-Ankara telephone line was put into service.
• 1935 – Aydın railway was nationalized.
• 1937 – Toprakkale, İskenderun, Fevzipaşa – Meydanekber railways were nationalized.
• 1946 – Elazig-Palu railway was opened.
• 1960 - Somalia declared its independence.
• 1962 - Rwanda and Burundi declared their independence.
• 1963 – "ZIP Codes", the US postal code system, began to be used.
• 1966 - Canada establishes the first color television broadcast.
• 1968 - The Nuclear Weapons Limitation Treaty is signed.
• 1974 - Argentine President Juan Peron dies; He was succeeded by his wife, Isabel Peron.
• 1979 – Sony introduced the Walkman.
• 1983 – An Ilyushin type passenger plane belonging to North Korean Airlines crashed in the mountainous region of Guinea-Bissau: 23 people were killed.
• 1984 – TRT switched to full color broadcasting on television.
• 1988 - In the Soviet Union, the Communist Party approves Gorbachev's policy of "Perestroika".
• 1987 – Construction work started on the Channel Tunnel.
• 1991 – The Warsaw Pact is officially dissolved.
• 1992 – TRT-INT/Eurasia broadcasts started.
• 1994 – After 27 years of exile, PLO leader Yasser Arafat returned to Palestine.
• 1996 – Established diplomatic relations with Azerbaijan, Ireland and Tunisia.
• 1996 – Turkey's first nuclear reactor started to be built in Çekmece Nuclear Research and Training Center.
• 1996 – Version 1.0 of the PNG image format is completed.
• 1997 – China regains sovereignty of the city-state of Hong Kong from the United Kingdom after 156 years.
• 2002 – The International Criminal Court was established.
• 2002 – A Russian passenger plane and a German cargo plane collide in midair over the city of Überlingen in Southern Germany: 71 people are killed.
• 2003 – Turkey ratified the 6th protocol of the European Convention on Human Rights, which provides for the abolition of the death penalty in peacetime.
• 2004 - Horst Köhler becomes President of Germany.
• 2006 – China opened the world's longest railway, 5 kilometers, connecting Tibet to China.
• 2012 – Spain became the champion for the second time in a row by beating Italy 2012-4 in the 0 European Football Championship final.
• 2013 – Croatia became a member of the EU.

Births 

• 1481 – II. Christian, King of Denmark (d. 1559)
• 1506 – II. Lajos, King of Hungary and Bohemia (d. 1526)
• 1532 – Marino Grimani, 89th Duke of the Republic of Venice (d. 1605)
• 1646 – Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, German mathematician (d. 1716)
• 1725 – Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, French nobleman and military commander (d. 1807)
• 1742 – Georg Christoph Lichtenberg, German professor of natural sciences, astronomy and mathematics, writer, critic (d. 1799)
• 1804 – George Sand, French writer (d. 1876)
• 1818 – Ignaz Semmelweis, Hungarian scientist and physician (d. 1865)
• 1829 – Abraham Behor Kamondo, French banker, collector, and philanthropist (d. 1889)
• 1835 – Alfred von Gutschmid, German historian and orientalist (d. 1887)
• 1844 – Verney Lovett Cameron, English explorer (d. 1894)
• 1847 – Heinrich Gelzer, German classical philologist, historian of antiquity, and Byzantium (d. 1906)
• 1858 Willard Metcalf, American artist (d. 1925)
• 1862 – Besim Ömer Akalın, Turkish medical professor, scientist, non-governmental organizer and Member of Parliament (d. 1940)
• 1872 – Louis Blériot, French pilot, inventor, and engineer (d. 1936)
• 1873 – Alice Guy-Blaché, French film director and producer (d. 1968)
• 1877 – Alf Spouncer, English football player and manager (d. 1962)
• 1879 – Léon Jouhaux, French socialist trade union leader and Nobel Peace Prize laureate (d. 1954)
• 1883 – István Friedrich, Prime Minister of Hungary and football player (d. 1951)
• 1884 – Halim Solmaz, Turkish who lived beyond the expected life expectancy (d. 2012)
• 1899 – Charles Laughton, English actor (d. 1962)
• 1902 – William Wyler, German-American film director (d. 1981)
• 1916 – Abdulhakim Ismailov, one of the 3 soldiers who raised the Red Flag on the Berlin Parliament Building (Reichstag) as a symbol of the Soviet Union (USSR) Red Army's defeat of Hitler's fascism (d. 2010) (see Battle of Berlin)
• 1916 – Olivia de Havilland, English actress and Oscar winner (d. 2020)
• 1923 – Nejat Devrim, Turkish painter (d. 1995)
• 1926 – François-Régis Bastide, French politician, literary scholar and diplomat (d. 1996)
• 1926 – Hans Werner Henze, German composer (d. 2012)
• 1929 – Gerald Edelman, American biologist (d. 2014)
• 1929 – Kamil Yazıcı, Turkish industrialist and businessman
• 1930 – Emin Cankurtaran, Turkish businessman and former President of Fenerbahçe (d. 2009)
• 1930 – Mustafa Akkad, Syrian-American film director and producer (d. 2005)
• 1930 – Osman Numan Baranus, Turkish poet and writer (d. 2005)
• 1931 - Leslie Caron, French actress
• 1934 – Claude Berri, French-born director, actor, producer (d. 2009)
• 1934 – Sydney Pollack, American director, producer, and actress (d. 2008)
• 1935 – David Prowse, English bodybuilder (d. 2020)
• 1936 – Bekir Sıdkı Sezgin, Turkish singer and composer (d. 1996)
• 1938 – Abdurrahman Kızılay, Turkmen musician (d. 2010)
• 1938 – Yalçın Küçük, Turkish research writer, economist and political scientist
• 1939 Karen Black, American actress (d. 2013)
• 1939 – Mohammed Baqir Al-Hakim, Iraqi Imitation Authority
• 1939 – Suna Selen, Turkish theater, cinema and TV series actress
• 1940 – Cahit Zarifoğlu, Turkish poet (d. 1987)
• 1941 – Myron Scholes, American-Canadian economist
• 1941 – Twyla Tharp, American dancer, choreographer, and writer
• 1942 – Geneviève Bujold, Canadian actress
• 1942 – Andraé Crouch, American gospel singer, composer, songwriter (d. 2015)
• 1942 – Izzet Ibrahim ed-Duri, Iraqi politician and military commander (d. 2020)
• 1945 – Debbie Harry, American singer, songwriter, and actress best known as Blondie's lead singer
• 1946 – Mireya Moscoso, Panamanian politician
• 1947 – Sami Hoştan, Turkish Susurluk case convict and Ergenekon case defendant (d. 2015)
• 1952 – Dan Aykroyd, American actor
• 1952 – Brian George, British-Israeli comedian, actor, and voice actor
• 1953 Lawrence Gonzi, Prime Minister of Malta
• 1953 – Jadranka Kosor, Croatian politician and former journalist
• 1955 – Christian Estrosi, French right-wing politician
• 1955 – Li Kechiang, Premier of China (Prime Minister) and party secretary of the State Council of China
• 1958 – Banu Alkan, Turkish actress and singer
• 1961 Carl Lewis, American athlete
• 1961 Diana Frances Spencer, Princess of Wales (d. 1997)
• 1962 – Kalpana Chawla, Indian-American astronaut (d. 2003)
• 1966 – Aydın Uğurlular, Turkish singer
• 1966 – Mahir Unal, Turkish academic and politician
• 1967 – Pamela Anderson, Canadian actress and model
• 1970 – Deniz Seki, Turkish singer
• 1971 – Missy Elliott, American rapper, singer, and producer
• 1971 Julianne Nicholson, American actress
• 1975 – Tatyana Tomasova, Russian athlete
• 1976 – Ruud van Nistelrooy, Dutch football player
• 1976 – Patrick Kluivert, Dutch former international football player
• 1976 – Plies, American rapper
• 1976 – Szymon Ziółkowski, Polish hammer thrower
• 1977 – Liv Tyler, American actress
• 1982 – Anelia, Bulgarian singer
• 1982 – Hilarie Burton, American actress
• 1983 – Halil Akkaş, Turkish athlete
• 1983 – Sheilla Tavares de Castro, Brazilian volleyball player
• 1984 – Donald Thomas, Bahamian athlete
• 1986 – Agnes Monica, Indonesian singer
• 1990 – Ezhel, Turkish Singer and songwriter
• 1991 – Serenay Sarıkaya, Turkish cinema and TV series actress
• 1991 – Lucas Vázquez, Spanish national football player
• 1994 – Miha Zajc, Slovenian football player
• 1994 – Tich, English singer

Deaths 

• 868 – Ali al-Hadi, tenth of the Twelve Imams, son of 9th Imam Muhammad al-Jawad (b. 829)
• 998 – Ebu'l-Vefâ al-Buzjani, Iranian mathematician and astronomer (b. 940)
• 1109 – VI. Alfonso, king of León from 1065-1109 and also king of Castile and Galicia from 1072 (b. 1037)
• 1277 – Baibars, Mamluk Sultan who reigned in Egypt and Syria (b. 1223)
• 1736 – III. Ahmet, 23rd Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (b. 1673)
• 1839 – II. Mahmut, 30th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (b. 1785)
• 1860 – Charles Goodyear, American inventor (b. 1800)
• 1876 ​​– Mikhail Bakunin, Russian anarchist (b. 1814)
• 1884 – Allan Pinkerton, American private detective (b. 1819)
• 1896 – Harriet Beecher Stowe, American writer (b. 1811)
• 1904 – Şemseddin Sami, Albanian-born Ottoman linguist and novelist (b. 1850)
• 1904 – George Frederick Watts, English painter and sculptor (b. 1817)
• 1925 – Erik Satie, French composer (b. 1866)
• 1929 – Jodok Fink, Austrian politician (b. 1853)
• 1950 – Eliel Saarinen, Finnish-American architect (b. 1873)
• 1951 – Tadeusz Borowski, Polish writer (b. 1922)
• 1955 – Adnan Adıvar, Turkish scientist and politician (b. 1881)
• 1963 – Fuat Umay, Turkish politician (d. 1885)
• 1963 – Camille Chautemps, French politician (b. 1885)
• 1974 – Juan Perón, President of Argentina (b. 1895)
• 1981 – Marcel Breuer, American architect and designer (b. 1902)
• 1983 – Buckminster Fuller, American philosopher, engineer, architect, poet, author, and inventor (b. 1895)
• 1983 – Erich Juskowiak, former German football player (b. 1926)
• 1983 – Sabri Ülgener, Turkish economics professor and social scientist (b. 1911)
• 1991 – Michael Landon, American director, producer, and actor (b. 1936)
• 1992 – Franco Cristaldi, Italian filmmaker (b. 1924)
• 1996 – Margaux Hemingway, American actress (b. 1954)
• 1997 – Robert Mitchum, American actor and singer (b. 1917)
• 1999 – Edward Dmytryk, American director (b. 1908)
• 1999 – Sylvia Sydney, American actress (b. 1910)
• 2000 – Walter Matthau, American actor (b. 1920)
• 2000 – Zeyyat Selimoğlu, Turkish writer and translator (b. 1922)
• 2001 – Nikolay Basov, Soviet physicist and instructor (b. 1922)
• 2003 – Herbie Mann, American jazz flutist (b. 1930)
• 2004 – Marlon Brando, American actor (b. 1924)
• 2005 – Luther Vandross, American singer, songwriter, and record producer (b. 1951)
• 2006 – Ryūtarō Hashimoto, Japanese politician (b. 1937)
• 2009 – Karl Malden, Serbian-American film actor (b. 1912)
• 2012 – Alan G. Poindexter, American astronaut (b. 1961)
• 2015 – Nicholas Winton, British philanthropist (b.1909)
• 2016 – Yves Bonnefoy, French poet and essayist (b. 1923)
• 2016 – Robin Hardy, English film director and screenwriter (b. 1929)
• 2017 – Stevie Ryan, American You tube celebrity, comedian and actress (b. 1984)
• 2017 – Ayan Sadakov, Bulgarian national football player (b. 1961)
• 2018 – François Corbier, French television presenter, musician and songwriter (b. 1944)
• 2018 – Bojidar Dimitrov, Bulgarian politician and historian (b. 1945)
• 2018 – Gillian Lynne, English ballerina, choreographer, stage actress and television presenter (b. 1926)

• 2019 – İzzet Ebu Auf, Egyptian actor and composer (b. 1948)
• 2019 – Bob Collymore, Guyana-born Guyanese-British IT scientist and businessman (b. 1958)
• 2019 – Sid Ramin, American conductor, arranger, and composer (b. 1919)
• 2019 – Jacques Rougeau Sr., Canadian professional wrestler (b. 1930)
• 2019 – Bogusław Schaeffer, Polish composer, educator, musicologist and graphic artist (b. 1929)
• 2020 – Kwadwo Owusu Afriyie, Ghanaian lawyer and politician (b. 1957)
• 2020 – Ida Haendel, Polish-English violinist (b. 1928)
• 2020 – Santiago Manuin Valera, Peruvian human rights activist and indigenous leader (b. 1957)
• 2020 – Euridice Moreira, Brazilian politician and professor (b. 1939)