Definitive Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer Can Be Made With Prostate Biopsy

Near East University Hospital Urology Department Head Prof. Dr. Ali Ulvi Önder pointed out that prostate cancer, which is the most common type of cancer among men, is not due to a single cause and that there are various risk factors in cancer development. Prof. Dr. Önder stated that the cancer risk of people with prostate cancer in 2 of their first-degree relatives increased 5,1 times.

Near East University Hospital Urology Department Head Prof. Dr. Ali Ulvi Önder emphasizes that the studies show that prostate cancer (PCa) has both familial and genetic characteristics. Prof. Dr. Önder said that the risk of developing prostate cancer increased 2,2 times in a person whose father had PCa, 3,4 times in those with a sibling, and 2 times in those with two first-degree relatives.

Excessive Consumption of Unsaturated Fat Increases the Risk of Prostate Cancer ...
Stating that prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men, Prof. Dr. Ali Ulvi Önder said, “One of the important risk factors is oil consumption. "Excessive consumption of unsaturated fats and obesity increase the risk of both prostate cancer and malignant cancer development." In addition, while smoking, red meat and animal fat consumption increase the risk of PCa, lycopene (tomatoes, other red vegetables and fruits), selenium (grain, fish, meat-poultry meat, eggs, dairy products), omega-3 fatty acids (fish), He says that vitamins D and E have a lowering effect on the risk of prostate cancer.

Problems During Urination May Indicate Prostate Cancer
Prof. Dr. Ali Ulvi Önder says that PCa causes complaints such as difficulty urinating, burning while urinating, frequent urination, nocturnal urination, urinary incontinence, bifurcation, and difficulty urinating, depending on the degree of obstruction in the urinary tract. In addition, in the presence of advanced stage or metastatic PCa, pain can be seen, especially in the lumbar bones, depending on the area where the disease is involved.

Definitive Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer Can Be Made With Prostate Biopsy ...
Explaining that the definitive diagnosis of prostate cancer is made by pathological examination of the tissue obtained from prostate biopsy, Prof. Dr. Önder said, "The most important determinants for the biopsy decision are the digital rectal examination of the prostate (DRE-Digital Rectal Examination) and the PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen) test in the blood."

People with a Pca History in their Family Should Have a PSA Test from the age of 40, and those without a Family History from the age of 50 ...
Since prostate cancer is the most common type of cancer among men and the risk of its incidence increases with increasing age, it is extremely important for men to have periodic checks after a certain age. Prof. Dr. Önder said, “It is recommended that people with a family history of PCa should be checked with PSA test and DRE from the age of 40 and those who do not have a history of 50. This is a simple and inexpensive form of cancer screening. The patient said that even if he has no complaints, his prostate may contain cancer.

Various Imaging Methods such as Computed Tomography or MRI, Whole Body Bone Scintigraphy or PET are also used for staging ...
Prof. Dr. Ali Ulvi Önder said, “Today, the standard practice in prostate biopsy is to perform biopsy with the help of rectal ultrasound (TRUS - transrectalultrasound). In this application, the prostate is imaged with ultrasound and the biopsy procedure is performed systematically with the help of a special needle and gun. Generally, a total of 8-12 biopsies are taken and sent to the laboratory for pathological examination. Biopsy procedure is performed without anesthesia or preferably under local anesthesia. If PCa is diagnosed as a result of biopsy, the stage of the disease is determined in order to make a treatment decision. Various imaging methods such as computed tomography or MRI, whole body bone scintigraphy or PET are used for staging ”.

Prof. Dr. Ali Ulvi Önder “As with all cancer diseases, the treatment of prostate cancer is done according to the stage of the disease. We can roughly divide the prostate cancer stage into 3 main groups. Organ-limited disease, local advanced stage and advanced stage. PCa treatment decision depends on factors such as the stage of the disease, biopsy data, the health status of the patient, and the age of the patient, ”he said.

Standard Treatment Options According to the Stage; Follow-up, Active Follow-up, Radiation Therapy, Surgery ...
Prof. Dr. Ali Ulvi Önder also gave detailed information about the standard treatment options that can be applied according to the stages of the disease. In cases where the cancer is limited to the organ, the patient is followed up without any treatment. In general, active surveillance is applied to patients with low progression potential and older patients. A re-biopsy is performed after a certain period of time in patients with low progression potential, low PSA value and cancer detected in 1 or at most 2 parts in the biopsy. In more advanced cases, Radiation Therapy is applied. In this treatment, it is aimed to neutralize the tumor by placing radioactive nuclei outside or inside the prostate. One of the options is surgical intervention. Prostate cancer surgery is the removal of the entire prostate with the semen sac and the last part of the semen duct. It is a very different application from the surgery performed for BPH. It can be made open or closed. Closed surgery is a laparoscopic method and has two options: standard or robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy. Radiotherapy, open surgery, standard laparoscopic and robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy treatments have oncological consequences.

Stating that the treatment options for locally advanced disease are surgery and radiotherapy, Prof. Dr. Ali Ulvi Önder said, “Radiotherapy and surgical applications are similar to the organ-limited disease, but because the risk of recurrence of the disease is high, it may be necessary to apply combined treatments at this stage. Hormonal therapy with or before radiotherapy, hormonal therapy before and / or after surgery, or post-surgery radiotherapy treatment options may be available, ”he said. Prof. Dr. Önder “The standard treatment option in advanced stage disease is hormonal therapy. Hormonal treatments are drugs that prevent the action of the male hormone testosterone, thus preventing the development of normal and cancer cells in the prostate, and are administered in the form of needles or pills. "There are no serious side effects like systemic chemotherapy," he said.

All Diagnosis and Staging Methods and Treatments Related to Prostate Cancer Are Successfully Performed at Near East University Hospital ...
Prof. Dr. Finally, Ali Ulvi Önder said that besides all diagnostic and staging methods related to prostate cancer, all treatment options are successfully applied at Near East University Hospital.