About Muradiye Complex

Muradiye Complex, Sultan II. The complex built by Murad in Bursa between 1425-1426. It also gives its name to the district in which it is located. The complex, which was built in order to spread and expand the city around, consists of Muradiye Mosque, Turkish bath, madrasah, soup kitchen and 12 tombs built in the following years. In the following years, with the burial of many members of the dynasty, it gained the appearance of a palace belonging to the palace and became the second burial ground, after Istanbul, that housed the most courtiers. The inscriptions of the tombstones and tombs of Bursa, which were removed by various expropriations, were also brought to the graveyard of the mosque.

The complex was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List as one of the components of the World Heritage Site “Bursa and Cumalıkızık: The Birth of the Ottoman Empire” in 2014.

Complex structures

The main building of the complex is the Muradiye Mosque. It is in the form of poor mosques. It has two minarets. At the entrance, a magnificent wooden core with geometric ornaments developed from twenty four-arm stars on the ceiling was mounted during the repair made after 1855. The wooden muezzin shaft and the altar and the minarets of the plaster in the Rococo style were made after the 1855 earthquake.

The 16-cell madrasa structure is to the west of the mosque. The building, which is a typical early madrasah, was restored in 1951 and used as a Tuberculosis Dispensary for a long time. Today it is used as Cancer Diagnosis Center.

The mosque is 20 m. Imaret, which is located in the northeast of Istanbul, was built of rubble stone and covered with Turkish style tiles. Today it serves as a restaurant.

The bath, which is a very simple and simple structure, consists of coldness, warmth, two halvets and kulhan sections. The building was repaired in 1523, 1634 and 1742 and used as a warehouse for many years; Today it is the Disabled Center.

restoration

In the Bursa Earthquake of 1855, the mosque was slightly damaged, its minaret was split, the dome of the tomb was separated, and the classroom and the walls of the madrasah were damaged, and the complex had a major repair.

In the three-phase restoration started in 2012, the lead coating renovation work of the 12 tombs in the first phase, the relay, restitution and restoration work for the complex in the second phase; In the third stage, the plaster on the fresco was engraved and the fresco and calligrapher writings of the time below were unearthed one by one in their original and original form. When the complex was restored in 2015, the complex was opened to visitors.

Mausoleum community

II. Apart from the tomb where Murad sleeps alone, 4 tombs belonging to princes, 4 belonging to wives of sultans and a tomb belonging to wives of princes were built and in these tombs 8 princes, 7 sons of princes, 5 princes' daughters, 2 sultan wives and 1 sultan's daughter were buried together at different dates. There are also two open tombs where members of the palace who are not members of the dynasty are buried. All tombs except the tomb of Şehzade Mahmut have mihrab niche on the south walls. There are no mummies in any of the tombs.

1. II. Murad Tomb is the biggest of the tombs in the complex. For Sultan Murat, who died in Edirne in 1451, his son II. It was built by Mehmet (1453). Sultan II. Because Murad wanted to be buried near his elder son Alaaddin, whom he lost in 1442, his corpse was brought from Edirne to Bursa and as per his will, his body was directly buried in the ground without being placed in a sarcophagus or sarcophagus; The tomb was arranged as an open top for rain to fall upon, and with a gallery around it for hafizes to read the Quran. The most magnificent place of the plain tomb is the eaves that cover the portico at its entrance. During the restoration works completed in 2015, late Baroque and Tulip Period motifs were identified on the inner walls of the building. II. According to Murad's will, no burials were made next to him; sarcophagi belonging to sultans, Prince Alaaddin and his daughters Fatma and Hatice, II. It is located in the simple room that can be reached by passing through the Murat tomb.
2. Midwife (Gülbahar) Hatun Tomb, II. It is an open tomb, thought to have been built for Mehmet's midwife. There is no information about the exact identity of Gülbahar Hatun, but the idea that the person lying here is the midwife of Fatih has become a tradition. It is thought to have been built in the 1420s. It is the most modest of the dynastic shrines in Bursa.
3. Hatuniye tomb, II. It is the tomb built for Mehmet's mother, Hüma Hatun, in 1449. It is not clear to whom the second of the two sarcophagi in the tomb belongs.
4. Gülşah Hatun tomb was built for Gülşah Hatun, one of the wives of Fatih Sultan Mehmet, in the 1480s. The stencils and decorations of the plain and small building have been erased and have not survived. Although the name of Bayezid's son Şehzade Ali is written on the second sarcophagus in the tomb, there is no prince of Bayezid with this name in the records.
5. The Tomb of Cem Sultan is the tomb with the richest decorations of the complex. The walls are 2.35 m from the ground. It is covered with turquoise and dark blue hexagonal tiles up to a height. This mausoleum was built in 1479 for the son of Fatih Sultan Mehmed, the son of Karaman Sancak Bey, Şehzade Mustafa. After Cem Sultan's funeral was brought to Bursa and buried here in 1499, it began to be called as Cem Sultan tomb. There are four marble sarcophaguses inside, except Fatih's son, Şehzade Mustafa, and Şehzade Cem. Bayezid's sons, Şehzade Abdullah and Şehzade Alemşah, who lost their lives in his life, are buried. The walls are covered with turquoise and dark blue hexagonal tiles up to a height of 2.35 meters from the ground, the perimeters of the tiles are stamped with gilding. Places without tiles such as arches, alons, pulleys and domes are equipped with very rich hand-drawings, especially the cypress motifs are in the malakari technique.
6. Şehzade Mahmut Tomb, II. It was built by Architect Yakup Şah and his assistant Ali Ağa by his mother Bülbül Hatun for the son of Bayezid, Şehzade Mahmut, who died in 1506. Two sons of Prince Mahmut, Orhan and Musa, who were strangled when Yavuz Sultan Selim came to the throne (1512), and then Bülbül Hatun were buried in this tomb. It is one of the richest domes of Muradiye with its tiles.
7. II. There are also sarcophagi of his daughter Kamer Hatun and Kamer Hatun's son Osman in the tomb of Gülruh Hatun, one of Bayezid's wives.
8. II. The tomb of Şirin Hatun, one of Bayezid's wives, was built at the end of the 15th century.
9. The tomb of Şehzade Ahmet was built with an edict of Yavuz Sultan Selim dated 1513. Its architect is Alaaddin, the building owner is Bedreddin Mahmud Bey, and his clerks are Ali, Yusuf, Muhiddin and Mehmed Efendi. According to the latest information, his brothers Prince Ahmed and Şehzade Korkut, whom Yavuz Sultan Selim had strangled when he ascended the throne, and Şehzade Şehenşah, who died while their father was still on the throne, Bülbül Hatun, the mother of Şehenşah and Ahmed, and Mehmed, the son of Şehenşah, are buried in the tomb. Although it is disputed who the other sarcophagus belongs to, it is thought to belong to Kamer Sultan, the daughter of Prince Ahmet.
10. Mükrime Hatun (d. 1517), the wife of Şehzade Şehenşah and the mother of Mehmet Çelebi, lies in a separate tomb.
11. Şehzade Mustafa Tomb II. It was built by Selim (1573). The funeral of Şehzade Mustafa, who was strangled by his father Kanuni Sultan Süleyman in 1553, was buried elsewhere in Bursa and then transferred to this tomb. There are also sarcophagi belonging to the mother of Şehzade Mustafa, Mahidevran Sultan, Şehzade Mehmet, and Şehzade Murat, the son of Şehzade Bayezid, who was strangled at the age of 3. The most distinctive feature of the tomb that distinguishes it from the others is the original wall tiles on which the verses with gold gilding are written. Known to have been built by Architect Mehmed Çavuş, one of the Hassa architects, there is no mihrab in Bursa tombs. A niche and a cupboard are placed in the inner corners of the walls on both sides of the entrance.
12. Saraylılar Mausoleum, which is an open mausoleum, is thought to belong to two older sisters of Mahidevran Sultan.